Related Research Articles
Biocompatibility is related to the behavior of biomaterials in various contexts. The term refers to the ability of a material to perform with an appropriate host response in a specific situation. The ambiguity of the term reflects the ongoing development of insights into how biomaterials interact with the human body and eventually how those interactions determine the clinical success of a medical device. Modern medical devices and prostheses are often made of more than one material so it might not always be sufficient to talk about the biocompatibility of a specific material.
Bioglass 45S5 or calcium sodium phosphosilicate, is a bioactive glass specifically composed of 45 wt% SiO2, 24.5 wt% CaO, 24.5 wt% Na2O, and 6.0 wt% P2O5. Typical applications of Bioglass 45S5 include: bone grafting biomaterials, repair of periodontal defects, cranial and maxillofacial repair, wound care, blood loss control, stimulation of vascular regeneration, and nerve repair.
Bioactive glasses are a group of surface reactive glass-ceramic biomaterials and include the original bioactive glass, Bioglass. The biocompatibility and bioactivity of these glasses has led them to be used as implant devices in the human body to repair and replace diseased or damaged bones. Most bioactive glasses are silicate-based glasses that are degradable in body fluids and can act as a vehicle for delivering ions beneficial for healing. Bioactive glass is differentiated from other synthetic bone grafting biomaterials, in that it is the only one with anti-infective and angiogenic properties.
A biomaterial is a substance that has been engineered to interact with biological systems for a medical purpose – either a therapeutic or a diagnostic one. The corresponding field of study, called biomaterials science or biomaterials engineering, is about fifty years old. It has experienced steady growth over its history, with many companies investing large amounts of money into the development of new products. Biomaterials science encompasses elements of medicine, biology, chemistry, tissue engineering and materials science.
Polymer engineering is generally an engineering field that designs, analyses, and modifies polymer materials. Polymer engineering covers aspects of the petrochemical industry, polymerization, structure and characterization of polymers, properties of polymers, compounding and processing of polymers and description of major polymers, structure property relations and applications.
Many opportunities exist for the application of synthetic biodegradable polymers in the biomedical area particularly in the fields of tissue engineering and controlled drug delivery. Degradation is important in biomedicine for many reasons. Degradation of the polymeric implant means surgical intervention may not be required in order to remove the implant at the end of its functional life, eliminating the need for a second surgery. In tissue engineering, biodegradable polymers can be designed such to approximate tissues, providing a polymer scaffold that can withstand mechanical stresses, provide a suitable surface for cell attachment and growth, and degrade at a rate that allows the load to be transferred to the new tissue. In the field of controlled drug delivery, biodegradable polymers offer tremendous potential either as a drug delivery system alone or in conjunction to functioning as a medical device.
Bioelectronics is a field of research in the convergence of biology and electronics.
Bioceramics and bioglasses are ceramic materials that are biocompatible. Bioceramics are an important subset of biomaterials. Bioceramics range in biocompatibility from the ceramic oxides, which are inert in the body, to the other extreme of resorbable materials, which are eventually replaced by the body after they have assisted repair. Bioceramics are used in many types of medical procedures. Bioceramics are typically used as rigid materials in surgical implants, though some bioceramics are flexible. The ceramic materials used are not the same as porcelain type ceramic materials. Rather, bioceramics are closely related to either the body's own materials or are extremely durable metal oxides.
Gordon George Wallace is a leading scientist in the field of electromaterials. His students and collaborators have pioneered the use of nanotechnology in conjunction with organic conductors to create new materials for energy conversion and storage as well as medical bionics. He has developed new approaches to fabrication that allow material properties discovered in the nano world to be translated into micro structures and macro scopic devices.
Materials that are used for biomedical or clinical applications are known as biomaterials. The following article deals with fifth generation biomaterials that are used for bone structure replacement. For any material to be classified for biomedical applications, three requirements must be met. The first requirement is that the material must be biocompatible; it means that the organism should not treat it as a foreign object. Secondly, the material should be biodegradable ; the material should harmlessly degrade or dissolve in the body of the organism to allow it to resume natural functioning. Thirdly, the material should be mechanically sound; for the replacement of load-bearing structures, the material should possess equivalent or greater mechanical stability to ensure high reliability of the graft.
As with any material implanted in the body, it is important to minimize or eliminate foreign body response and maximize effectual integration. Neural implants have the potential to increase the quality of life for patients with such disabilities as Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, epilepsy, depression, and migraines. With the complexity of interfaces between a neural implant and brain tissue, adverse reactions such as fibrous tissue encapsulation that hinder the functionality, occur. Surface modifications to these implants can help improve the tissue-implant interface, increasing the lifetime and effectiveness of the implant.
Traian V. Chirilă is a Romanian-Australian polymer and organic chemist who is the inventor of AlphaCor, an artificial cornea in current clinical use throughout the world.
Xenco Medical is an American medical technology company headquartered in San Diego, California that designs, develops, and distributes composite polymer medical devices.
Samit Kumar Nandi is an Indian veterinary surgeon, radiologist and a NATIONAL (ICAR) professor at the West Bengal University of Animal and Fishery Sciences. Known for his use of biomaterials in animal orthopedic surgeries, Nandi's studies have been documented by way of a number of articles and ResearchGate, an online repository of scientific articles has listed 97 of them. Besides, he has published three books, which include Text Book On Veterinary Surgery and Radiology and Development and Applications of Varieties of Bioactive Glass Compositions in Dental Surgery, Third Generation Tissue Engineering, Orthopaedic Surgery and as Drug Delivery System. He has also contributed chapters to books published by others.and Characterization of Biomaterials. The Department of Biotechnology of the Government of India awarded him the National Bioscience Award for Career Development, one of the highest Indian science awards, for his contributions to biosciences in 2008.
Róisín Owens is a professor in the Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge and a Fellow of Newnham College, Cambridge. Her research investigates new engineering technology for biological applications with a focus on organic bioelectronics, developing electroactive materials that can be used between physical transducers and soft biological tissues.
Jadranka Travaš-Sejdić is a New Zealand academic, and as of 2018 is a professor at the University of Auckland.
Ipsita Roy is a British-Indian materials scientist who is a professor at the University of Sheffield. Her research considers natural polymers of bacterial origin for medical applications. She was elected to the New York Academy of Sciences in 1997 and serves as the Editor of the Journal of Chemical Technology & Biotechnology.
Elizabeth Cosgriff-Hernandez is an American biomedical engineer who is a professor at the University of Texas at Austin. Her work involves the development of polymeric biomaterials for medical devices and tissue regeneration. She is a co-founder of Rhythio Medical, on the scientific advisory board of ECM Biosurgery, and a consultant to several companies on biostability evaluation of medical devices. Dr. Cosgriff-Hernandez is an associate editor of the Journal of Materials Chemistry B and Fellow of the International Union of Societies for Biomaterials Science and Engineering, Biomedical Engineering Society, Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine International Society, American Chemical Society Division of Polymeric Materials: Science and Engineering, Royal Society of Chemistry, and the American Institute for Medical and Biological Engineering.
Walter Voit is an associate professor of materials science and engineering at the University of Texas at Dallas. He is the CEO of Adaptive 3D, a company that was acquired by Desktop Metal in May 2021, and specialized in producing polymers for additive manufacturing. He was also inducted into the College of Fellows of the American Institute for Medical and Biological Engineering. He is currently the head of the Advanced Polymer Research Lab at the University of Texas at Dallas, and his research into shape memory polymers allowed for the creation of flexible bioelectronic devices that passed an in vivo study in lab rats.
Melissa A. Grunlan is an American scientist and academic. She is Professor and Holder of the Charles H. and Bettye Barclay Professorship in the Department of Biomedical Engineering at Texas A&M University. She holds courtesy appointments in the Departments of Chemistry and Materials Science & Engineering. Her research focuses on the development of polymeric biomaterials for regenerative engineering and medical devices.
References
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- ↑ Stem cell engineering : principles and applications. Artmann, Gerhard M., Minger, Stephen., Hescheler, J. K.-J. (Jürgen Karl-Josef), 1959-. Berlin: Springer. 2011. ISBN 978-3642118654. OCLC 682910831.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: others (link) - ↑ "Bionic polymers". Engineering. 3 December 2013. Retrieved 5 May 2019.
- 1 2 "Research: Dr Rylie Green". Imperial College London. Retrieved 5 February 2018.
- ↑ "Bionic devices: an interview with Dr Rylie Green". News-Medical.net. 14 January 2013. Retrieved 5 May 2019.
- ↑ "Imperial College to develop plastic implants that are less likely to be rejected by the body". Medical Plastics News. 6 November 2017. Retrieved 5 February 2018.
- ↑ "Polymer Bioelectronics for High Resolution Implantable Devices". Research Councils UK. 22 January 2018. Retrieved 12 February 2018.
- ↑ "Beating cancer with biology at the CelluLates - FoM Staff Blog". FoM Staff Blog. 5 October 2017. Retrieved 12 February 2018.
- ↑ "Electric plastics". phys.org. Retrieved 5 May 2019.
- ↑ "Stories | Fresh Science". freshscience.org. Retrieved 5 February 2018.
- ↑ Science, Fresh. "Electric Plastic Helps Bionic Ears". ScienceAlert. Retrieved 5 May 2019.
- ↑ Artmann, Gerhard M.; Minger, Stephen; Hescheler, Jürgen (2011). Stem Cell Engineering | SpringerLink. doi:10.1007/978-3-642-11865-4. ISBN 978-3-642-11864-7.
- ↑ "Rudolf Cimdins Scholarships". European Society for Biomaterials. Retrieved 11 May 2019.
- ↑ "Break for the Borders". LMS London Institute of Medical Sciences. 8 March 2017. Retrieved 12 February 2018.
