SQLSTATE

Last updated November 04, 2022

Programs calling a database which accords to the SQL standard receive an indication about the success or failure of the call. This return code - which is called SQLSTATE - consists of 5 bytes. They are divided into two parts: the first and second bytes contain a class and the following three a subclass. Each class belongs to one of four categories: "S" denotes "Success" (class 00), "W" denotes "Warning" (class 01), "N" denotes "No data" (class 02) and "X" denotes "Exception" (all other classes).

Real DBMSs are free to define additional values for SQLSTATE to handle those features which are beyond the standard. Such values must use one of the characters [I-Z] or [5-9] as the first byte of class (first byte of SQLSTATE) or subclass (third byte of SQLSTATE).
In addition to SQLSTATE the SQL command GET DIAGNOSTICS offers more details about the last executed SQL command.
In very early versions of the SQL standard the return code was called SQLCODE and used a different coding schema.

The following table lists the standard-conforming values - based on SQL:2011.^[1] The table's last column shows the part of the standard that defines the row. If it is empty, the definition originates from part 2 Foundation.

SQLSTATE	Cat.	Class	Class Text	Subclass	Subclass Text	SQL part
00000	S	00	successful completion	000	(no subclass)

01000	W	01	warning	000	(no subclass)
01001	W	01	warning	001	cursor operation conflict
01002	W	01	warning	002	disconnect error
01003	W	01	warning	003	null value eliminated in set function
01004	W	01	warning	004	string data, right truncation
01005	W	01	warning	005	insufficient item descriptor areas
01006	W	01	warning	006	privilege not revoked
01007	W	01	warning	007	privilege not granted
01009	W	01	warning	009	search condition too long for information schema
0100A	W	01	warning	00A	query expression too long for information schema
0100B	W	01	warning	00B	default value too long for information schema
0100C	W	01	warning	00C	result sets returned
0100D	W	01	warning	00D	additional result sets returned
0100E	W	01	warning	00E	attempt to return too many result sets
0100F	W	01	warning	00F	statement too long for information schema
01010	W	01	warning	010	column cannot be mapped	SQL/XML
01011	W	01	warning	011	SQL-Java path too long for information schema	SQL/JRT
01012	W	01	warning	012	invalid number of conditions
0102F	W	01	warning	02F	array data, right truncation

02000	N	02	no data	000	(no subclass)
02001	N	02	no data	001	no additional result sets returned

07000	X	07	dynamic SQL error	000	(no subclass)
07001	X	07	dynamic SQL error	001	using clause does not match dynamic parameter specifications
07002	X	07	dynamic SQL error	002	using clause does not match target specifications
07003	X	07	dynamic SQL error	003	cursor specification cannot be executed
07004	X	07	dynamic SQL error	004	using clause required for dynamic parameters
07005	X	07	dynamic SQL error	005	prepared statement not a cursor specification
07006	X	07	dynamic SQL error	006	restricted data type attribute violation
07007	X	07	dynamic SQL error	007	using clause required for result fields
07008	X	07	dynamic SQL error	008	invalid descriptor count
07009	X	07	dynamic SQL error	009	invalid descriptor index
0700B	X	07	dynamic SQL error	00B	data type transform function violation
0700C	X	07	dynamic SQL error	00C	undefined DATA value
0700D	X	07	dynamic SQL error	00D	invalid DATA target
0700E	X	07	dynamic SQL error	00E	invalid LEVEL value
0700F	X	07	dynamic SQL error	00F	invalid DATETIME_INTERVAL_CODE
08000	X	08	connection exception	000	(no subclass)
08001	X	08	connection exception	001	SQL-client unable to establish SQL-connection
08002	X	08	connection exception	002	connection name in use
08003	X	08	connection exception	003	connection does not exist
08004	X	08	connection exception	004	SQL-server rejected establishment of SQL-connection
08006	X	08	connection exception	006	connection failure
08007	X	08	connection exception	007	transaction resolution unknown
09000	X	09	triggered action exception	000	(no subclass)
0A000	X	0A	feature not supported	000	(no subclass)
0A001	X	0A	feature not supported	001	multiple server transactions
0D000	X	0D	invalid target type specification	000	(no subclass)
0E000	X	0E	invalid schema name list specification	000	(no subclass)
0F000	X	0F	locator exception	000	(no subclass)
0F001	X	0F	locator exception	001	invalid specification
0K000	X	0K	resignal when handler not active	000	(no subclass)	SQL/PSM
0L000	X	0L	invalid grantor	000	(no subclass)
0M000	X	0M	invalid SQL-invoked procedure reference	000	(no subclass)
0N000	X	0N	SQL/XML mapping error	000	(no subclass)	SQL/XML
0N001	X	0N	SQL/XML mapping error	001	unmappable XML name	SQL/XML
0N002	X	0N	SQL/XML mapping error	002	invalid XML character	SQL/XML
0P000	X	0P	invalid role specification	000	(no subclass)
0S000	X	0S	invalid transform group name specification	000	(no subclass)
0T000	X	0T	target table disagrees with cursor specification	000	(no subclass)
0U000	X	0U	attempt to assign to non-updatable column	000	(no subclass)
0V000	X	0V	attempt to assign to ordering column	000	(no subclass)
0W000	X	0W	prohibited statement encountered during trigger execution	000	(no subclass)
0W001	X	0W	prohibited statement encountered during trigger execution	001	modify table modified by data change delta table
0X000	X	0X	invalid foreign server specification	000	(no subclass)	SQL/MED
0Y000	X	0Y	pass-through specific condition	000	(no subclass)	SQL/MED
0Y001	X	0Y	pass-through specific condition	001	invalid cursor option	SQL/MED
0Y002	X	0Y	pass-through specific condition	002	invalid cursor allocation	SQL/MED
0Z000	X	0Z	diagnostics exception	000	(no subclass)
0Z001	X	0Z	diagnostics exception	001	maximum number of stacked diagnostics areas exceeded
0Z002	X	0Z	diagnostics exception	002	stacked diagnostics accessed without active handler	SQL/PSM
10000	X	10	XQuery error	000	(no subclass)	SQL/XML
20000	X	20	case not found for case statement	000	(no subclass)	SQL/PSM
21000	X	21	cardinality violation	000	(no subclass)

22000	X	22	data exception	000	(no subclass)
22001	X	22	data exception	001	string data, right truncation
22002	X	22	data exception	002	null value, no indicator parameter
22003	X	22	data exception	003	numeric value out of range
22004	X	22	data exception	004	null value not allowed
22005	X	22	data exception	005	error in assignment
22006	X	22	data exception	006	invalid interval format
22007	X	22	data exception	007	invalid datetime format
22008	X	22	data exception	008	datetime field overflow
22009	X	22	data exception	009	invalid time zone displacement value
2200B	X	22	data exception	00B	escape character conflict
2200C	X	22	data exception	00C	invalid use of escape character
2200D	X	22	data exception	00D	invalid escape octet
2200E	X	22	data exception	00E	null value in array target
2200F	X	22	data exception	00F	zero-length character string
2200G	X	22	data exception	00G	most specific type mismatch
2200H	X	22	data exception	00H	sequence generator limit exceeded
2200J	X	22	data exception	00J	nonidentical notations with the same name	SQL/XML
2200K	X	22	data exception	00K	nonidentical unparsed entities with the same name	SQL/XML
2200L	X	22	data exception	00L	not an XML document	SQL/XML
2200M	X	22	data exception	00M	invalid XML document	SQL/XML
2200N	X	22	data exception	00N	invalid XML content	SQL/XML
2200P	X	22	data exception	00P	interval value out of range
2200Q	X	22	data exception	00Q	multiset value overflow
2200R	X	22	data exception	00R	XML value overflow	SQL/XML
2200S	X	22	data exception	00S	invalid comment	SQL/XML
2200T	X	22	data exception	00T	invalid processing instruction	SQL/XML
2200U	X	22	data exception	00U	not an XQuery document node	SQL/XML
2200V	X	22	data exception	00V	invalid XQuery context item	SQL/XML
2200W	X	22	data exception	00W	XQuery serialization error	SQL/XML
22010	X	22	data exception	010	invalid indicator parameter value
22011	X	22	data exception	011	substring error
22012	X	22	data exception	012	division by zero
22013	X	22	data exception	013	invalid preceding or following size in window function
22014	X	22	data exception	014	invalid argument for NTILE function
22015	X	22	data exception	015	interval field overflow
22016	X	22	data exception	016	invalid argument for NTH_VALUE function
22017	X	22	data exception	017	invalid data specified for datalink	SQL/MED
22018	X	22	data exception	018	invalid character value for cast
22019	X	22	data exception	019	invalid escape character
2201A	X	22	data exception	01A	null argument passed to datalink constructor	SQL/MED
2201B	X	22	data exception	01B	invalid regular expression
2201C	X	22	data exception	01C	null row not permitted in table
2201D	X	22	data exception	01D	datalink value exceeds maximum length	SQL/MED
2201E	X	22	data exception	01E	invalid argument for natural logarithm
2201F	X	22	data exception	01F	invalid argument for power function
2201G	X	22	data exception	01G	invalid argument for width bucket function
2201H	X	22	data exception	01H	invalid row version
2201J	X	22	data exception	01J	XQuery sequence cannot be validated	SQL/XML
2201K	X	22	data exception	01K	XQuery document node cannot be validated	SQL/XML
2201L	X	22	data exception	01L	no XML schema found	SQL/XML
2201M	X	22	data exception	01M	element namespace not declared	SQL/XML
2201N	X	22	data exception	01N	global element not declared	SQL/XML
2201P	X	22	data exception	01P	no XML element with the specified QName	SQL/XML
2201Q	X	22	data exception	01Q	no XML element with the specified namespace	SQL/XML
2201R	X	22	data exception	01R	validation failure	SQL/XML
2201S	X	22	data exception	01S	invalid Query regular expression
2201T	X	22	data exception	01T	invalid Query option flag
2201U	X	22	data exception	01U	attempt to replace a zero-length string
2201V	X	22	data exception	01V	invalid Query replacement string
2201W	X	22	data exception	01W	invalid row count in fetch first clause
2201X	X	22	data exception	01X	invalid row count in result offset clause
22021	X	22	data exception	021	character not in repertoire
22022	X	22	data exception	022	indicator overflow
22023	X	22	data exception	023	invalid parameter value
22024	X	22	data exception	024	unterminated C string
22025	X	22	data exception	025	invalid escape sequence
22026	X	22	data exception	026	string data, length mismatch
22027	X	22	data exception	027	trim error
22029	X	22	data exception	029	noncharacter in UCS string
2202A	X	22	data exception	02A	null value in field reference	SQL/PSM
2202D	X	22	data exception	02D	null value substituted for mutator subject parameter
2202E	X	22	data exception	02E	array element error
2202F	X	22	data exception	02F	array data, right truncation
2202G	X	22	data exception	02G	invalid repeat argument in a sample clause
2202H	X	22	data exception	02H	invalid sample size

23000	X	23	integrity constraint violation	000	(no subclass)
23001	X	23	integrity constraint violation	001	restrict violation
24000	X	24	invalid cursor state	000	(no subclass)
25000	X	25	invalid transaction state	000	(no subclass)
25001	X	25	invalid transaction state	001	active SQL-transaction
25002	X	25	invalid transaction state	002	branch transaction already active
25003	X	25	invalid transaction state	003	inappropriate access mode for branch transaction
25004	X	25	invalid transaction state	004	inappropriate isolation level for branch transaction
25005	X	25	invalid transaction state	005	no active SQL-transaction for branch transaction
25006	X	25	invalid transaction state	006	read-only SQL-transaction
25007	X	25	invalid transaction state	007	schema and data statement mixing not supported
25008	X	25	invalid transaction state	008	held cursor requires same isolation level
26000	X	26	invalid SQL statement name	000	(no subclass)
27000	X	27	triggered data change violation	000	(no subclass)
27001	X	27	triggered data change violation	001	modify table modified by data change delta table
28000	X	28	invalid authorization specification	000	(no subclass)
2B000	X	2B	dependent privilege descriptors still exist	000	(no subclass)
2C000	X	2C	invalid character set name	000	(no subclass)
2D000	X	2D	invalid transaction termination	000	(no subclass)
2E000	X	2E	invalid connection name	000	(no subclass)
2F000	X	2F	SQL routine exception	000	(no subclass)
2F002	X	2F	SQL routine exception	002	modifying SQL-data not permitted
2F003	X	2F	SQL routine exception	003	prohibited SQL-statement attempted
2F004	X	2F	SQL routine exception	004	reading SQL-data not permitted
2F005	X	2F	SQL routine exception	005	function executed no return statement
2H000	X	2H	invalid collation name	000	(no subclass)
30000	X	30	invalid SQL statement identifier	000	(no subclass)
33000	X	33	invalid SQL descriptor name	000	(no subclass)
34000	X	34	invalid cursor name	000	(no subclass)
35000	X	35	invalid condition number	000	(no subclass)
36000	X	36	cursor sensitivity exception	000	(no subclass)
36001	X	36	cursor sensitivity exception	001	request rejected
36002	X	36	cursor sensitivity exception	002	request failed
38000	X	38	external routine exception	000	(no subclass)
38001	X	38	external routine exception	001	containing SQL not permitted
38002	X	38	external routine exception	002	modifying SQL-data not permitted
38003	X	38	external routine exception	003	prohibited SQL-statement attempted
38004	X	38	external routine exception	004	reading SQL-data not permitted
39000	X	39	external routine invocation exception	000	(no subclass)
39004	X	39	external routine invocation exception	004	null value not allowed
3B000	X	3B	savepoint exception	000	(no subclass)
3B001	X	3B	savepoint exception	001	invalid specification
3B002	X	3B	savepoint exception	002	too many
3C000	X	3C	ambiguous cursor name	000	(no subclass)
3D000	X	3D	invalid catalog name	000	(no subclass)
3F000	X	3F	invalid schema name	000	(no subclass)
40000	X	40	transaction rollback	000	(no subclass)
40001	X	40	transaction rollback	001	serialization failure
40002	X	40	transaction rollback	002	integrity constraint violation
40003	X	40	transaction rollback	003	statement completion unknown
40004	X	40	transaction rollback	004	triggered action exception
42000	X	42	syntax error or access rule violation	000	(no subclass)
44000	X	44	with check option violation	000	(no subclass)
45000	X	45	unhandled user-defined exception	000	(no subclass)	SQL/PSM
46000	X	46	OLB-specific error	000	(no subclass)	SQL/OLB
46001	X	46	Java DDL	001	invalid URL	SQL/JRT
46002	X	46	Java DDL	002	invalid JAR name	SQL/JRT
46003	X	46	Java DDL	003	invalid class deletion	SQL/JRT
46005	X	46	Java DDL	005	invalid replacement	SQL/JRT
4600A	X	46	Java DDL	00A	attempt to replace uninstalled JAR	SQL/JRT
4600B	X	46	Java DDL	00B	attempt to remove uninstalled JAR	SQL/JRT
4600C	X	46	Java DDL	00C	invalid JAR removal	SQL/JRT
4600D	X	46	Java DDL	00D	invalid path	SQL/JRT
4600E	X	46	Java DDL	00E	self-referencing path	SQL/JRT
46102	X	46	Java DDL	102	invalid JAR name in path	SQL/JRT
46103	X	46	Java DDL	103	unresolved class name	SQL/JRT
46110	X	46	OLB-specific error	110	unsupported feature	SQL/OLB
46120	X	46	OLB-specific error	120	invalid class declaration	SQL/OLB
46121	X	46	OLB-specific error	121	invalid column name	SQL/OLB
46122	X	46	OLB-specific error	122	invalid number of columns	SQL/OLB
46130	X	46	OLB-specific error	130	invalid profile state	SQL/OLB

HW000	X	HW	datalink exception	000	(no subclass)	SQL/MED
HW001	X	HW	datalink exception	001	external file not linked	SQL/MED
HW002	X	HW	datalink exception	002	external file already linked	SQL/MED
HW003	X	HW	datalink exception	003	referenced file does not exist	SQL/MED
HW004	X	HW	datalink exception	004	invalid write token	SQL/MED
HW005	X	HW	datalink exception	005	invalid datalink construction	SQL/MED
HW006	X	HW	datalink exception	006	invalid write permission for update	SQL/MED
HW007	X	HW	datalink exception	007	referenced file not valid	SQL/MED

HV000	X	HV	FDW-specific condition	000	(no subclass)	SQL/MED
HV001	X	HV	FDW-specific condition	001	memory allocation error	SQL/MED
HV002	X	HV	FDW-specific condition	002	dynamic parameter value needed	SQL/MED
HV004	X	HV	FDW-specific condition	004	invalid data type	SQL/MED
HV005	X	HV	FDW-specific condition	005	column name not found	SQL/MED
HV006	X	HV	FDW-specific condition	006	invalid data type descriptors	SQL/MED
HV007	X	HV	FDW-specific condition	007	invalid column name	SQL/MED
HV008	X	HV	FDW-specific condition	008	invalid column number	SQL/MED
HV009	X	HV	FDW-specific condition	009	invalid use of null pointer	SQL/MED
HV00A	X	HV	FDW-specific condition	00A	invalid string format	SQL/MED
HV00B	X	HV	FDW-specific condition	00B	invalid handle	SQL/MED
HV00C	X	HV	FDW-specific condition	00C	invalid option index	SQL/MED
HV00D	X	HV	FDW-specific condition	00D	invalid option name	SQL/MED
HV00J	X	HV	FDW-specific condition	00J	option name not found	SQL/MED
HV00K	X	HV	FDW-specific condition	00K	reply handle	SQL/MED
HV00L	X	HV	FDW-specific condition	00L	unable to create execution	SQL/MED
HV00M	X	HV	FDW-specific condition	00M	unable to create reply	SQL/MED
HV00N	X	HV	FDW-specific condition	00N	unable to establish connection	SQL/MED
HV00P	X	HV	FDW-specific condition	00P	no schemas	SQL/MED
HV00Q	X	HV	FDW-specific condition	00Q	schema not found	SQL/MED
HV00R	X	HV	FDW-specific condition	00R	table not found	SQL/MED
HV010	X	HV	FDW-specific condition	010	function sequence error	SQL/MED
HV014	X	HV	FDW-specific condition	014	limit on number of handles exceeded	SQL/MED
HV021	X	HV	FDW-specific condition	021	inconsistent descriptor information	SQL/MED
HV024	X	HV	FDW-specific condition	024	invalid attribute value	SQL/MED
HV090	X	HV	FDW-specific condition	090	invalid string length or buffer length	SQL/MED
HV091	X	HV	FDW-specific condition	091	invalid descriptor field identifier	SQL/MED

HY000	X	HY	CLI-specific condition	000	(no subclass)	SQL/CLI
HY???	X	HY	CLI-specific condition	n/a	dynamic parameter value needed	SQL/CLI
HY???	X	HY	CLI-specific condition	n/a	invalid handle	SQL/CLI
HY001	X	HY	CLI-specific condition	001	memory allocation error	SQL/CLI
HY003	X	HY	CLI-specific condition	003	invalid data type in application descriptor	SQL/CLI
HY004	X	HY	CLI-specific condition	004	invalid data type	SQL/CLI
HY007	X	HY	CLI-specific condition	007	associated statement is not prepared	SQL/CLI
HY008	X	HY	CLI-specific condition	008	operation canceled	SQL/CLI
HY009	X	HY	CLI-specific condition	009	invalid use of null pointer	SQL/CLI
HY010	X	HY	CLI-specific condition	010	function sequence error	SQL/CLI
HY011	X	HY	CLI-specific condition	011	attribute cannot be set now	SQL/CLI
HY012	X	HY	CLI-specific condition	012	invalid transaction operation code	SQL/CLI
HY013	X	HY	CLI-specific condition	013	memory management error	SQL/CLI
HY014	X	HY	CLI-specific condition	014	limit on number of handles exceeded	SQL/CLI
HY017	X	HY	CLI-specific condition	017	invalid use of automatically allocated descriptor handle	SQL/CLI
HY018	X	HY	CLI-specific condition	018	server declined the cancellation request	SQL/CLI
HY019	X	HY	CLI-specific condition	019	non-string data cannot be sent in pieces	SQL/CLI
HY020	X	HY	CLI-specific condition	020	attempt to concatenate a null value	SQL/CLI
HY021	X	HY	CLI-specific condition	021	inconsistent descriptor information	SQL/CLI
HY024	X	HY	CLI-specific condition	024	invalid attribute value	SQL/CLI
HY055	X	HY	CLI-specific condition	055	non-string data cannot be used with string routine	SQL/CLI
HY090	X	HY	CLI-specific condition	090	invalid string length or buffer length	SQL/CLI
HY091	X	HY	CLI-specific condition	091	invalid descriptor field identifier	SQL/CLI
HY092	X	HY	CLI-specific condition	092	invalid attribute identifier	SQL/CLI
HY093	X	HY	CLI-specific condition	093	invalid datalink value	SQL/MED
HY095	X	HY	CLI-specific condition	095	invalid FunctionId specified	SQL/CLI
HY096	X	HY	CLI-specific condition	096	invalid information type	SQL/CLI
HY097	X	HY	CLI-specific condition	097	column type out of range	SQL/CLI
HY098	X	HY	CLI-specific condition	098	scope out of range	SQL/CLI
HY099	X	HY	CLI-specific condition	099	nullable type out of range	SQL/CLI
HY103	X	HY	CLI-specific condition	103	invalid retrieval code	SQL/CLI
HY104	X	HY	CLI-specific condition	104	invalid LengthPrecision value	SQL/CLI
HY105	X	HY	CLI-specific condition	105	invalid parameter mode	SQL/CLI
HY106	X	HY	CLI-specific condition	106	invalid fetch orientation	SQL/CLI
HY107	X	HY	CLI-specific condition	107	row value out of range	SQL/CLI
HY108	X	HY	CLI-specific condition	108	invalid cursor position	SQL/CLI
HYC00	X	HY	CLI-specific condition	C00	optional feature not implemented	SQL/CLI

HZ???	?	HZ	Reserved for ISO9579 (RDA)	???

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Escape sequences are used in the programming languages C and C++, and their design was copied in many other languages such as Java, PHP, C#, etc. An escape sequence is a sequence of characters that does not represent itself when used inside a character or string literal, but is translated into another character or a sequence of characters that may be difficult or impossible to represent directly.

PL/SQL is Oracle Corporation's procedural extension for SQL and the Oracle relational database. PL/SQL is available in Oracle Database, Times Ten in-memory database, and IBM Db2. Oracle Corporation usually extends PL/SQL functionality with each successive release of the Oracle Database.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Distributed Data Management Architecture</span>

Distributed Data Management Architecture (DDM) is IBM's open, published software architecture for creating, managing and accessing data on a remote computer. DDM was initially designed to support record-oriented files; it was extended to support hierarchical directories, stream-oriented files, queues, and system command processing; it was further extended to be the base of IBM's Distributed Relational Database Architecture (DRDA); and finally, it was extended to support data description and conversion. Defined in the period from 1980 to 1993, DDM specifies necessary components, messages, and protocols, all based on the principles of object-orientation. DDM is not, in itself, a piece of software; the implementation of DDM takes the form of client and server products. As an open architecture, products can implement subsets of DDM architecture and products can extend DDM to meet additional requirements. Taken together, DDM products implement a distributed file system.

The syntax of the SQL programming language is defined and maintained by ISO/IEC SC 32 as part of ISO/IEC 9075. This standard is not freely available. Despite the existence of the standard, SQL code is not completely portable among different database systems without adjustments.

References

↑ "SQL:2008 draft" (Zip). Whitemarsh Information Systems Corporation.{{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)

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[Whitemarsh-1] "SQL:2008 draft" (Zip). Whitemarsh Information Systems Corporation.{{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)

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