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The BurundiNational Defence Force is the state military organisation responsible for the defence of Burundi.
Burundi originated in the 16th century as a small kingdom in the African Great Lakes region. After European contact,it was united with the Kingdom of Rwanda,becoming the colony of Ruanda-Urundi - first colonised by Germany and then by Belgium. The colony gained independence in 1962,and split once again into Rwanda and Burundi. It is one of the few countries in Africa to be a direct territorial continuation of a pre-colonial era African state.
The Burundian Civil War was a civil war in Burundi lasting from 1993 to 2005. The civil war was the result of longstanding ethnic divisions between the Hutu and the Tutsi ethnic groups. The conflict began following the first multi-party elections in the country since its independence from Belgium in 1962,and is seen as formally ending with the swearing-in of President Pierre Nkurunziza in August 2005. Children were widely used by both sides in the war. The estimated death toll stands at 300,000.
Marguerite (Maggie) Barankitse is a Burundian humanitarian activist who works to improve the welfare of children and challenge ethnic discrimination in Burundi. After rescuing 25 children from a massacre,she was forced to witness the conflicts between the Hutu and Tutsi in her country in 1993. She established Maison Shalom,a shelter that provided access to healthcare,education,and culture to over 20,000 orphan children in need. Because she protested against a third term for President Pierre Nkurunziza,she lives in exile.
Alexis Sinduhije is a Burundian journalist and politician. After founding Radio Publique Africaine during the Burundi Civil War,Sinduhije received a CPJ International Press Freedom Award and was named to the Time 100 list of most influential people. In 2007,he left journalism to run for president,but was arrested in 2008 on a charge of "insulting the president," Pierre Nkurunziza,drawing protests on his behalf from the U.S.,U.K.,and Amnesty International. He was found not guilty and released in 2009. The film "Kamenge,Northern Quarters" follows Sinduhije before,during,and after his incarceration.
Burundi,officially the Republic of Burundi,is a landlocked country in the Great Rift Valley at the junction between the African Great Lakes region and Southeast Africa,with population of over 14 million people. It is bordered by Rwanda to the north,Tanzania to the east and southeast,and the Democratic Republic of the Congo to the west;Lake Tanganyika lies along its southwestern border. The capital city is Gitega and the largest city is Bujumbura.
In 2024,Freedom House rated Burundi's human rights at 14 out 100.
On 25 April 2015,the ruling political party in Burundi,the National Council for the Defense of Democracy –Forces for the Defense of Democracy (CNDD-FDD),announced that the incumbent President of Burundi,Pierre Nkurunziza,would run for a third term in the 2015 presidential election. The announcement sparked protests by those opposed to Nkurunziza seeking a third term in office.
Burundi–India relations are the international relations that exist between Burundi and India. Apart from bilateral relations,India also engages with Burundi through the African Union and the Regional Economic Communities (RECs).
The Ikiza,or the Ubwicanyi (Killings),was a series of mass killings—often characterised as a genocide—which were committed in Burundi in 1972 by the Tutsi-dominated army and government,primarily against educated and elite Hutus who lived in the country. Conservative estimates place the death toll of the event between 100,000 and 150,000 killed,while some estimates of the death toll go as high as 300,000.
Odette Kayitesi is a Burundian politician and educator. She was the former Minister of Agriculture and Livestock in Burundi,having been appointed to the position in 2010 by the former president of Burundi,Pierre Nkurunziza. Her term began on August 30,2010.
Jean-Marie Nibirantije is a Burundian politician and educator. He was the former Minister of Environment,Territory Management and Public services in Burundi,having been appointed to the position in 2010 by the former president of Burundi,Pierre Nkurunziza. His term began on August 30,2010.
Julien Nimubona is a Burundian politician and educator. He was the former Minister of Education and Scientific Research in Burundi,having been appointed to the position in 2010 by the former president of Burundi,Pierre Nkurunziza. His term began on August 30,2010.
Jean-Jacques Nyenimigabo is a Burundian politician. He was the former Minister of Youth,Culture and Sports in Burundi,having been appointed to the position in 2010 by the former president of Burundi,Pierre Nkurunziza. His term began on August 30,2010. He is the member of parliament of Mubuga zone.
Pierre Mupira is a Burundian politician and educator. He was the former Minister of Communal Development in Burundi,having been appointed to the position in 2010 by the former president of Burundi,Pierre Nkurunziza. His term began on August 30,2010.
Séverin Buzingo is a Burundian politician and educator. He was the former Minister of primary and secondary education in Burundi,having been appointed to the position in 2010 by the former president of Burundi,Pierre Nkurunziza. His term began on August 30,2010.
Annonciata Sendazirasa is a Burundian politician and educator. She was the former Minister of Civil Services,Labour and social security in Burundi,having been appointed to the position in 2010 by the former president of Burundi,Pierre Nkurunziza. Her term began on 30 August 2010 and ended on 18 June 2015.
Barnabe Mbonimpa is a Burundian politician and educator. He was the former Minister at the Presidency in charge of AIDS in Burundi,having been appointed to the position in 2007 by the former president of Burundi,Pierre Nkurunziza. His term began on 14 November 2007.
Euphrasie Bigirimana is a Burundian politician and educator. She is a former Deputy Minister of Commerce,Industry and Tourism in Burundi,having been appointed to the position in 2007 by the former president of Burundi,Pierre Nkurunziza. Her term began on 14 November 2007.
Venant Kamana is a Burundian politician and educator. He was the former Minister of Home Affairs and Communal Development in Burundi,having been appointed to the position in 2007 by the former president of Burundi,Pierre Nkurunziza. His term began on 14 November 2007.
References
- ↑ "Burundian minister visits Rwamagana hospital - The New Times". 15 March 2011. Retrieved 25 December 2023.
- ↑ AfricaNews (2020-06-29). "Women occupy 30% of Burundi's new cabinet". Africanews. Retrieved 2023-12-08.
- ↑ "Burundi : Le Portail des Institutions". 2008-11-06. Archived from the original on 2008-11-06. Retrieved 2023-12-08.
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