The Samajwadi Party is a socialist political party in India. It was founded on 4 October 1992 by former Janata Dal politician Mulayam Singh Yadav and is headquartered in New Delhi. The Samajwadi Party is currently led by former Chief Minister of Uttar Pradesh,Akhilesh Yadav.
The National Democratic Alliance is an Indian big tent multi-party political alliance,led by the country's biggest political party,the Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP). It was founded on 15 May 1998. It currently has a majority in both the Lok Sabha and the Rajya Sabha,and controls the Government of India as well as the governments of 19 out of 28 Indian states and one Union territory.
Janata Dal (United) ("People's Party (United)"),abbreviated as JD(U),is a social-democratic and secularist Indian political party,rooted mainly in eastern and north-eastern India,whose stated goals are promoting social justice and lifting up marginalised people. JD(U) is recognised as a state party in the states of Bihar,where it heads the government,Manipur,where it is part of the government coalition in the legislative assembly,and Arunachal Pradesh. JD(U),as part of the Bharatiya Janata Party-led National Democratic Alliance,won 12 seats in the 2024 Indian general election,making it the seventh largest party in the Lok Sabha.
The Rashtriya Janata Dal is an Indian political party,mainly based in the state of Bihar. The party was founded in 1997 by Lalu Prasad Yadav.
Bhairon Singh Shekhawat was an Indian politician who served as the 11th vice president of India. He served in that position from August 2002,when he was elected to a five-year term by the electoral college following the death of Krishan Kant,until he resigned on 21 July 2007,after losing the presidential election to Pratibha Patil. Bhairon Singh Shekhawat was a member of the Bharatiya Janata Party. He served as the Chief Minister of Rajasthan three times,from 1977 to 1980,1990 to 1992 and 1993 to 1998. He represented several constituencies in Rajasthan Vidhan Sabha from 1952 to 2002. He was also awarded Padma Bhushan in the year 2003.
Maharashtrawadi Gomantak Party is a political party in India. It was Goa's first ruling party after the end of Portuguese rule in Goa in 1961.
Manohar Gopalkrishna Prabhu Parrikar was an Indian politician and leader of the Bharatiya Janata Party who served as Chief Minister of Goa from 14 March 2017 until his death. Previously,he was Chief Minister of Goa from 2000 to 2005 and from 2012 to 2014 and from 2017 to 2019. He also served as the Minister of Defence from October 2014 to March 2017. In January 2020,he was posthumously awarded Padma Bhushan.
A member of the Legislative Assembly (MLA) is a representative elected by the voters of an electoral district (constituency) to the legislature of State government in the Indian system of government. From each constituency,the people elect one representative who then becomes a member of the Legislative Assembly (MLA). Each state has between seven and nine MLAs for every Member of Parliament (MP) that it has in the Lok Sabha,the lower house of India's bicameral parliament. There are also members in three unicameral legislatures in Union Territories:the Delhi Legislative Assembly,Jammu and Kashmir Legislative Assembly and the Puducherry Legislative Assembly. Only a Member of the Legislative Assembly can work as a minister for more than 6 months. If a non-Member of the Legislative Assembly becomes a Chief Minister or a minister,he must become an MLA within 6 months to continue in the job. Only a Member of the Legislative Assembly can become the Speaker of the Legislature.
Shankersinh Vaghela is an Indian politician and former Chief Minister of Gujarat from. He was also the Leader of Opposition in 13th Gujarat Legislative Assembly.
Although India is a parliamentary democracy,the country's politics has become dynastic or with high level of nepotism,possibly due to the absence of party organizations,independent civil-society associations which mobilize support for a party,or centralized financing of elections. The dynastic phenomenon is present at the national,state,regional,and district level. The Nehru–Gandhi family has produced three Indian prime ministers,and family members have largely led the Congress party since 1978. The Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) also has several dynastic leaders. In addition to the major national parties,other national and regional parties such as Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam (DMK),Shiromani Akali Dal,Shiv Sena,Samajwadi Party,Rashtriya Janata Dal,Janata Dal Secular,Jharkhand Mukti Morcha,Kerala Congress,Jammu &Kashmir National Conference,Indian Union Muslim League,AIMIM,and the Nationalist Congress Party are all dominated by families,mostly those of the party founders.
Bhagat Singh Koshyari is an Indian politician who served as the 22nd governor of Maharashtra from 2019 to 2023. An RSS veteran,Koshyari served as National Vice-President of BJP and party's 3rd State president for Uttarakhand. He also served as 2nd Chief Minister of Uttarakhand from 2001 to 2002 and thereafter,was the leader of the opposition in the Uttarakhand Legislative Assembly from 2002 to 2003. He also served as an MLC in Uttar Pradesh Legislative Council and MLA in Uttarakhand Legislative Assembly. He later served as an MP in Rajya Sabha from 2008 to 2014 from Uttarakhand and then the MP in the 16th Lok Sabha from Nainital-Udhamsingh Nagar constituency,earning him the distinction of being elected in both houses of State Legislature and both houses of National Parliament respectively.
Olanchery Rajagopal is an Indian politician,former Union Minister of State,and the former MLA from Nemom and the first Bharatiya Janata Party member &its floor leader in the Legislative Assembly of Kerala. One of the major leaders of the Bharatiya Janata Party from Kerala,he has held various ministerial portfolios including Defence,Parliamentary Affairs,Urban Development,Law,Justice,Company Affairs,and Railways. Rajagopal was a two-time MP in Rajya Sabha,the upper house of Indian Parliament from 1992 till 2004. O.Rajagopal was also a member of Government of Kerala's Legislative Assembly Committee on Petitions &Committee of Public Work,Transport and Communications.Rajagopal has been honored with the Padma Bhushan,the third-highest civilian honor in the country,on the eve of India’s 75th Republic Day. The award recognizes his contributions in the public sphere.
Members of the 15th Lok Sabha were elected during the 2009 general election in India. It was dissolved on 18 May 2014 by President Pranab Mukherjee.
Mapanna Mallikarjun Kharge is an Indian lawyer and politician serving as the President of the Indian National Congress since 2022,and Leader of the Opposition in Rajya Sabha since 2021. He has been a Member of Parliament,Rajya Sabha from Karnataka since 2020.
The organisation of the Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) is based upon the Constitution of the Bharatiya Janata Party. The organisation of the BJP is strictly hierarchical,with the president being the highest authority in the party. The party is considered to be a cadre-based party that draws from the Hindutva-based ideology of its parent organisation,the RSS.
Daradahalli Byregowda Chandregowda was an Indian politician who was Speaker of Karnataka Legislative Assembly,three-term MLA,one-term MLC,and Member of Parliament—three-terms from Lok Sabha and one-term from Rajya Sabha.
Dara Singh Chauhan is an Indian politician,currently serving as member of legislative council,and formerly represented the Madhuban in Uttar Pradesh as a member of Bharatiya Janata Party. He was former Cabinet Minister in Yogi Adityanath ministry. He also represented Ghosi in the 15th Lok Sabha,where he was leader of the Bahujan Samaj Party. In 16th Lok Sabha,he was defeated by Harinarayan Rajbhar who represented Bharatiya Janata Party by more than 140,000 votes.
Jagat Prakash Nadda is an Indian lawyer and politician who is serving as the 34th Minister of Health,25th Minister of Chemicals and Fertilizers since 2024 and 11th President of the Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) since 2020 and the member of the Rajya Sabha representing Gujarat since 2024. A key decision maker of the BJP,he is a close aide to Narendra Modi. He was the BJP's working president from 2019 to 2020. Nadda was also the Minister of Health and Family Welfare in the first Modi ministry from 2014 to 2019 and Parliamentary Board Secretary of Bharatiya Janata Party. Nadda is the Minister of Health and Family Welfare and Minister of Chemicals and Fertilizers in the third Modi ministry.
Raghav Chadha is an Indian politician and a member of the Aam Aadmi Party,who is serving as a Member of Parliament in the Rajya Sabha,the upper house of Indian parliament. He was elected to the Rajya Sabha by the Punjab Legislative Assembly in 2022. He served as the former Vice Chairman of the Delhi Jal Board and a Member of the Delhi Legislative Assembly from the Rajendra Nagar constituency from 2020 till 2022. He is also a working chartered accountant.
Vasudev Meng Gaonkar is an Indian politician. He is a former member of the Goa Legislative Assembly,representing the Sanguem Assembly constituency from 2002 to 2012. He is the current serving president of the BJP Kisan Morcha in the Government of Goa.
