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Tuvalu is an island country in the Polynesian subregion of Oceania in the Pacific Ocean. Its islands are situated about midway between Hawaii and Australia. They lie east-northeast of the Santa Cruz Islands,northeast of Vanuatu,southeast of Nauru,south of Kiribati,west of Tokelau,northwest of Samoa and Wallis and Futuna,and north of Fiji. Tuvalu is composed of three reef islands and six atolls. They are spread out between the latitude of 5°and 10°south and between the longitude of 176°and 180°. They lie west of the International Date Line. Tuvalu has a population of 10,507. The total land area of the islands of Tuvalu is 26 square kilometres (10 sq mi).
The first inhabitants of Tuvalu were Polynesians,so the origins of the people of Tuvalu can be traced to the spread of humans out of Southeast Asia,from Taiwan,via Melanesia and across the Pacific islands of Polynesia.
The politics of Tuvalu takes place in a framework of a parliamentary representative democratic monarchy,whereby the Monarch is the head of state,represented by the Governor-General,while the Prime Minister is the head of government. Executive power is exercised by the government.
Vaitupu is the largest atoll of the nation of Tuvalu. It is located at 7.48 degrees south and 178.83 degrees west. There are 1,061 people living on 5.6 square kilometres with the main village being Asau.
The Gilbert and Ellice Islands in the Pacific Ocean were part of the British Empire from 1892 to 1976. They were a protectorate from 1892 to 12 January 1916,and then a colony until 1 January 1976. The history of the colony was mainly characterized by phosphate mining on Ocean Island. In October 1975,these islands were divided by force of law into two separate colonies,and they became independent nations shortly thereafter:the Ellice Islands became Tuvalu in 1978,and the Gilbert Islands became part of Kiribati in 1979.
Saufatu Sopoanga was a Tuvaluan politician who served as the eighth prime minister of Tuvalu from 2 August 2002 to 27 August 2004. He drew international attention for his speeches warning about the effects of the rising sea level on Tuvalu and other low-lying island countries.
Faimalaga Luka was a political figure from the Pacific nation of Tuvalu. He represented the constituency of Nukufetau in the Parliament of Tuvalu. He served as Governor-General and the Prime Minister of Tuvalu.
Nanumea is the northwesternmost atoll in the Polynesian nation of Tuvalu,a group of nine coral atolls and islands spread over about 400 miles (640 km) of Pacific Ocean just south of the equator and west of the International Date Line. Nanumea is 4 km2 (1.5 sq mi) with a population of 512 people.
Sir Toaripi Lauti was a Tuvaluan politician who served as chief minister of the Colony of Tuvalu (1975–78),as the first prime minister following Tuvalu's independence (1978–1981) and governor-general of Tuvalu (1990–1993). He was married to Sualua Tui.
Niutao is a reef island in the northern part of Tuvalu. It is one of the nine districts (islands) of Tuvalu. It is also one of the three districts that consist of only one island - not counting the three islets inside the closed lagoon. Niutao has a population of 582.
Nukulaelae is an atoll that is part of the nation of Tuvalu,and it has a population of 300. The largest settlement is Pepesala on Fangaua islet with a population of 300 people. It has the form of an oval and consists of at least 15 islets. The inhabited islet is Fangaua,which is 1.5 kilometres (0.93 mi) long and 50 to 200 metres wide. The easternmost point of Tuvalu is Niuoko islet. The Nukulaelae Conservation Area covers the eastern end of the lagoon. A baseline survey of marine life in the conservation zone was conducted in 2010.
Tuvalu elects a legislature on a national level. The Parliament of Tuvalu has 16 members,elected for a four-year term in 8 double-seat constituencies. Tuvalu is a de facto non-partisan democracy since it does not have political parties.
Sir Tomu Malaefone Sione was a political figure from the Pacific nation of Tuvalu. He worked as a journalist from 1962–68,and held the post of radio announcer in the Broadcasting and Information Department of the administration of the Gilbert and Ellice Islands Colony (GEIC). He was the head of the southern Niutao clan. He was married to Segali.
Seve Paeniu is a Tuvaluan politician. Paeniu was elected to the Parliament of Tuvalu in the 2019 Tuvaluan general election to represent the Nukulaelae electorate. He was appointed as the Minister of Finance in the Natano Ministry.
Sir Frederick Gordon Roy Ward OBE is a retired British judge who has served in various countries of the Commonwealth.
The monarchy of Tuvalu is a system of government in which a hereditary monarch is the sovereign and head of state of Tuvalu. The present monarch of Tuvalu is Queen Elizabeth II,who is also the Sovereign of 14 other Commonwealth realms. The Queen's constitutional roles are mostly delegated to the Governor-General of Tuvalu.
The Cabinet of Tuvalu is the executive branch of the government of Tuvalu.
A by-election was held in the Niutao constituency in Tuvalu on 5 May 2003. It was triggered by the death of the incumbent MP,Saloa Tauia. Tauia,the Speaker of Parliament,died in February,after having entered Parliament in the July 2002 general election.
Women in Tuvalu continue to maintain a traditional Polynesian culture within a predominantly Christian society. Tuvaluan cultural identity is sustained through an individual's connection to their home island. In the traditional community system in Tuvalu,each family has its own task,or salanga,to perform for the community. The skills of a family are passed on from parents to children. The women of Tuvalu participate in the traditional music of Tuvalu and in the creation of the art of Tuvalu including using cowrie and other shells in traditional handicrafts. There are opportunities of further education and paid employment with non-government organisations (NGOs) and government enterprises,education and health agencies being the primary opportunities for Tuvaluan women.
Amasone Kilei was a Tuvaluan politician who represented Nui. He was appointed the Minister of Health and the Minister of Education,Sports and Culture,in the government of Lagitupu Tuilimu,who was acting prime minister from 8 December 2000 to 24 February 2001.
References
- 1 2 3 Paulson Panapa & Jon Fraenkel (2008). "The Loneliness of the Pro-Government Backbencher and the Precariousness of Simple Majority Rule in Tuvalu" (PDF). Research School of Pacific and Asian Studies, Australian National University. Retrieved 11 April 2015.
- ↑ Munro, D. (1996). "Samoan Pastors in Tuvalu, 1865–1899". In D. Munro & A. Thornley (ed.). The Covenant Makers: Islander Missionaries in the Pacific. Suva, Fiji, Pacific Theological College and the University of the South Pacific. p. 245. ISBN 9820201268.
- ↑ "South Pacific islanders wonder about the future". AP. 6 September 1990. Retrieved 19 September 2021.
- ↑ "Supplement to the London Gazette" (PDF). UK Government. 15 June 1990. Retrieved 19 September 2021.
- ↑ "Tuvalu Island Courts Bench Book" (PDF). e Pacific Judicial Education Programme, in collaboration with the Tuvalu National Judicial Education Committee. June 2004. Retrieved 19 September 2021.
- ↑ Turner, B, ed. (2004). The Statesman's Yearbook 2004: The Politics, Cultures and Economies of the World. Palgrave Macmillan.