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Pseudomonas fluorescens is a common Gram-negative, rod-shaped bacterium. It belongs to the Pseudomonas genus; 16S rRNA analysis as well as phylogenomic analysis has placed P. fluorescens in the P. fluorescens group within the genus, to which it lends its name.
Magnaporthe grisea, also known as rice blast fungus, rice rotten neck, rice seedling blight, blast of rice, oval leaf spot of graminea, pitting disease, ryegrass blast, Johnson spot, neck blast, wheat blast and Imochi (稲熱), is a plant-pathogenic fungus and model organism that causes a serious disease affecting rice. It is now known that M. grisea consists of a cryptic species complex containing at least two biological species that have clear genetic differences and do not interbreed. Complex members isolated from Digitaria have been more narrowly defined as M. grisea. The remaining members of the complex isolated from rice and a variety of other hosts have been renamed Magnaporthe oryzae, within the same M. grisea complex. Confusion on which of these two names to use for the rice blast pathogen remains, as both are now used by different authors.
Rebecca J. Nelson is an American biologist and a professor at Cornell University and a MacArthur Foundation Fellow.
Pseudomonas syringae is a rod-shaped, Gram-negative bacterium with polar flagella. As a plant pathogen, it can infect a wide range of species, and exists as over 50 different pathovars, all of which are available to researchers from international culture collections such as the NCPPB, ICMP, and others.
Pseudomonas cichorii is a Gram-negative soil bacterium that is pathogenic to plants. It has a wide host range, and can have an important economical impact on lettuce, celery and chrysanthemum crops. P. cichorii was first isolated on endives, from which it derives its name. It produces 6-aminopenicillanic acid. Based on 16S rRNA analysis, P. cichorii has been placed in the P. syringae group.
Pseudomonas amygdali is a Gram-negative plant pathogenic bacterium. It is named after its ability to cause disease on almond trees. Different analyses, including 16S rRNA analysis, DNA-DNA hybridization, and MLST clearly placed P. amygdali in the P. syringae group together with the species Pseudomonas ficuserectae and Pseudomonas meliae, and 27 pathovars of Pseudomonas syringae/Pseudomonas savastanoi, constituting a single, well-defined phylogenetic group which should be considered as a single species. This phylogenetic group has not been formally named because of the lack of reliable means to differentiate it phenotypically from closely related species, and it is currently known as either genomospecies 2 or phylogroup 3. When it is formally named, the correct name for this new species should be Pseudomonas amygdali, which takes precedence over all the other names of taxa from this group, including Pseudomonas savastanoi, which is and inadequate and confusing name whose use is not recommended.
Pseudomonas cannabina is a gray, Gram-negative, fluorescent, motile, flagellated, aerobic bacterium that causes leaf and stem rot of hemp, from which it derives its name. It was formerly classified as a pathovar of Pseudomonas syringae, but following ribotypical analysis, it was reinstated as a species. The type strain is CFBP 2341.
Pseudomonas coronafaciens is a Gram-negative bacterium that is pathogenic to several plant species. Following ribotypical analysis several pathovars of P. syringae were incorporated into this species.
Xanthomonas is a genus of bacteria, many of which cause plant diseases. There are at least 27 plant associated Xanthomonas spp., that all together infect at least 400 plant species. Different species typically have specific host and/or tissue range and colonization strategies.
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Xanthomonas oryzae is a species of bacteria. The major host of the bacterium is rice.
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Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae is a bacterial pathovar that causes a serious blight of rice, other grasses, and sedges.
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Robert S. Dickey was an American phytopathologist, professor emeritus of Plant Pathology at the Cornell University and the namesake of the bacterial genus Dickeya.
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Rice-sheath blight is a disease caused by Rhizoctonia solani, a basidiomycete, that causes major limitations on rice production in India and other countries of Asia. It is also a problem in the southern US, where rice is also produced. It can decrease yield up to 50%, and reduce its quality. It causes lesions on the rice plant, and can also cause pre- and post-emergence seedling blight, banded leaf blight, panicle infection and spotted seed.
Hemibiotrophs are the spectrum of plant pathogens, including bacteria, oomycete and a group of plant pathogenic fungi that keep its host alive while establishing itself within the host tissue, taking up the nutrients with brief biotrophic-like phase. It then, in later stages of infection switches to a necrotrophic life-style, where it rampantly kills the host cells, deriving its nutrients from the dead tissues.
References
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- ↑ "National Academy of Agricultural Sciences". naas.org.in. Retrieved 2022-02-01.
- ↑ "NABS India". nabsindia.org. Retrieved 2022-02-03.
- ↑ "Contents / Sommaire Volume 52, 2006". Canadian Journal of Microbiology. 52 (12). 2011-02-10. doi:10.1139/w06-901.
- ↑ Gnanamanickam, Samuel S.; Patil, Suresh S. (1977-03-01). "Accumulation of antibacterial isoflavonoids in hypersensitively responding bean leaf tissues inoculated with Pseudomonas phaseolicola". Physiological Plant Pathology. 10 (2): 159–168. doi:10.1016/0048-4059(77)90019-4. ISSN 0048-4059.
- ↑ "Principles of Biological Control".
- ↑ Pandurangan Ranjani, University of Madras; Yaram Gowthami, International Institute of Biotechnology and Toxicology; Samuel, S. Gnanamanickam; Perumal Palani, University of Madras (2018). "Bacteriophages: A New Weapon for the Control of Bacterial Blight Disease in Rice Caused by Xanthomonas oryzae". Korean Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology. ISSN 1598-642X.
- ↑ "KANSAS STATE UNIVERSITY - TOTAL EXTRAMURAL AWARDS" (PDF).
- ↑ Patil, Suresh S.; Gnanamanickam, Samuel S. (1976). "Suppression of bacterially-induced hypersensitive reaction and phytoalexin accumulation in bean by phaseotoxin". Nature. 259 (5543): 486–487. Bibcode:1976Natur.259..486P. doi:10.1038/259486a0. ISSN 0028-0836. S2CID 4219301.
- ↑ "Plant Pathology Seminar Schedule". cals.arizona.edu. Retrieved 2022-02-03.