The politics of Italy are conducted through a parliamentary republic with a multi-party system. Italy has been a democratic republic since 2 June 1946,when the monarchy was abolished by popular referendum and a constituent assembly was elected to draft a constitution,which was promulgated on 1 January 1948.
Oscar Luigi Scalfaro was the president of Italy from 1992 to 1999. A member of Christian Democracy (DC),he became an independent politician after the DC's dissolution in 1992,and was close to the centre-left Democratic Party when it was founded in 2007.
The 2006 Italian general election was held on 9 and 10 April 2006. Romano Prodi,leader of the centre-left coalition The Union,narrowly defeated the incumbent Prime Minister Silvio Berlusconi,leader of the centre-right coalition House of Freedoms. Initial exit polls suggested a victory for Prodi,but the results narrowed as the count progressed. On 11 April 2006,Prodi declared victory;Berlusconi never conceded defeat and an ensuing dispute formed.
The Christian Democratic Centre was a Christian-democratic political party in Italy from 1994 to 2002. Formed from a right-wing split from Christian Democracy,the party joined the centre-right coalition,and was a member of the European People's Party (EPP).
An independent,non-partisan politician or non-affiliated politician is a politician not affiliated with any political party or bureaucratic association. There are numerous reasons why someone may stand for office as an independent.
Giorgio Napolitano was an Italian politician who served as the 11th president of Italy from 2006 to 2015,the first to be re-elected to the office. In office for 8 years and 244 days,he was the longest-serving president,until the record was surpassed by Sergio Mattarella in 2023. He also was the longest-lived president in the history of the Italian Republic,which has been in existence since 1946. Although he was a prominent figure of the First Italian Republic,he did not take part in the Constituent Assembly of Italy that drafted the Italian constitution;he is considered one of the symbols of the Second Italian Republic,which came about after the Tangentopoli scandal of the 1990s. Due to his dominant position in Italian politics,some critics have sometimes referred to him as Re Giorgio.
Rosa Russo Iervolino is an Italian politician.
Angelino Alfano is an Italian former politician who served as Minister of Foreign Affairs from 12 December 2016 to 1 June 2018.
Mario Clemente Mastella is an Italian politician who has been the mayor of Benevento since 20 June 2016. He also served as leader of the Union of Democrats for Europe (UDEUR),a minor centrist and Christian-democratic Italian party. Mastella,who began his career in the Christian Democracy (DC) party,being elected to the Chamber of Deputies in 1976,is known for his trasformismo,changing over his career many political parties and affiliations.
A snap election was held in Italy on 13–14 April 2008. The election came after President Giorgio Napolitano dissolved the Italian Parliament on 6 February 2008,following the defeat of the government of Prime Minister Romano Prodi in a January 2008 Senate vote of confidence and the unsuccessful tentative appointment of Franco Marini with the aim to change the current electoral law. Under Italian law,elections must be held within 70 days of the dissolution. The voting determined the leader of Italy's 62nd government since the end of World War II. The coalition led by ex-Prime Minister Silvio Berlusconi from The People of Freedom party defeated that of former Mayor of Rome,Walter Veltroni of the Democratic Party.
Francesco de Martino was an Italian jurist,politician,lifetime senator (1991–2002) and former Vice President of the Council of Ministers. He was considered by many to be the conscience of the Italian Socialist Party.
Left Ecology Freedom was a democratic socialist political party in Italy whose bulk was formed by former members of the Communist Refoundation Party.
The 2013 Italian general election was held on 24 and 25 February 2013 to determine the 630 members of the Chamber of Deputies and the 315 elective members of the Senate of the Republic for the 17th Italian Parliament. The centre-left alliance Italy Common Good,led by the Democratic Party (PD),obtained a clear majority of seats in the Chamber of Deputies thanks to a majority bonus that effectively trebled the number of seats assigned to the winning force and narrowly defeated the centre-right alliance of former Prime Minister Silvio Berlusconi in the popular vote. Close behind,the new anti-establishment Five Star Movement of comedian Beppe Grillo became the third force,well ahead of the centrist coalition of outgoing Prime Minister Mario Monti. In the Senate,no political group or party won an outright majority,resulting in a hung parliament.
The centre-left coalition is a political alliance of political parties in Italy active under several forms and names since 1995,when The Olive Tree was formed under the leadership of Romano Prodi. The centre-left coalition has ruled the country for more than fifteen years between 1996 and 2022;to do so,it had mostly to rely on a big tent that went from the more radical left-wing,which had more weight between 1996 and 2008,to the political centre,which had more weight during the 2010s,and its main parties were also part of grand coalitions and national unity governments.
The 2022 Italian general election was a snap election held in Italy on 25 September 2022. After the fall of the Draghi government,which led to a parliamentary impasse,President Sergio Mattarella dissolved Parliament on 21 July,and called for new elections. Regional elections in Sicily were held on the same day. The results of the general election showed the centre-right coalition led by Giorgia Meloni's Brothers of Italy,a right-wing political party with neo-fascist roots,winning an absolute majority of seats in the Italian Parliament. Meloni was appointed Prime Minister of Italy on 22 October,becoming the first woman to hold the office.
Free and Equal was a left-wing electoral list and parliamentary group in the Chamber of Deputies and a sub-group in the Senate,the two houses of the Italian Parliament. LeU was launched on 3 December 2017 as a federation of political parties including Article 1,Italian Left and Possible. The leader of the alliance for the 2018 general election was Pietro Grasso,former President of the Senate and former anti-Mafia prosecutor. The three founding parties left the alliance in late 2018,but LeU continued to exist in Parliament. Following the 2021 Italian government crisis,LeU had a single minister,Roberto Speranza,in the national unity government of Prime Minister Mario Draghi.
Sandro Biasotti is an Italian entrepreneur and politician,former President of Liguria from 2000 to 2005.
The 2020 Italian by-elections were called to fill seats in the Parliament that became vacant after the 2018 general elections. In 2020,by-elections were held for the Chamber of Deputies the Senate of the Republic.
Franco Ortolani was an Italian politician who served in the Italian Senate for the Five Star Movement from 2018 to 2019.
Democratic elections have been held in Naples,Italy,since the collapse of Benito Mussolini's fascist regime. Today,all residents of Naples who are at least 18 years old and hold an EU citizenship are eligible to vote for the mayor and the 48 members of the city council. They also vote for the president and the 30 or 40 members of the municipal council in which they reside.
