Sannaha was the mother of King Sanjaya, who established the Mataram Kingdom in the early 8th century CE.
Sannaha was first mentioned in the Canggal inscription (dated 732 CE). According to this inscription, she was the sister of King Sanna of Yawadvipa (Java). Sanna was a wise and virtuous king and the island of Java had long been under his rule. However, the kingdom fell into disunity after his death. Amid a period of violence and confusion, Sanjaya (Sannaha's son) [1] ascended to the throne and established the Mataram Kingdom.
She was once again mentioned in Carita Parahyangan (a book written in the 16th century CE). According to this book, she was the granddaughter of Queen Shima of Kalingga Kingdom and daughter of Mandiminyak, the second king of Galuh. However, this book describes her to be the consort of Sanna, the third king of Galuh. It also describes Sanjaya (who later ascended the throne of Galuh) to be the son of both King Sanna and Sannaha. [2] [3] Historians believe that since this book was composed much later, the relation of Sanna and Sannaha has been romanticized. Nevertheless, the name of the persons and theme correspond with the historical Canggal inscription, which confirm that the manuscript was based or inspired by the historical event.
The Shailendra dynasty was the name of a notable Indianised dynasty that emerged in 8th-century Java, whose reign signified a cultural renaissance in the region. The Shailendras were active promoters of Mahayana Buddhism and covered the Kedu Plain of Central Java with Buddhist monuments, one of which is the colossal stupa of Borobudur, now a UNESCO World Heritage Site.
The Mataram kingdom ; also known as Medang kingdom was a Javanese Hindu-Buddhist kingdom that flourished between the 8th and 11th centuries. It was based in Central Java, and later in East Java. Established by King Sanjaya, the kingdom was ruled by the Shailendra dynasty and Ishana dynasty.
The Sanjaya dynasty was a Javanese dynasty which ruled the Mataram Kingdom in Java during the first millennium CE. The dynasty promoted Hinduism on the island.
Airlangga, regnal name Rakai Halu Sri Lokeswara Dharmawangsa Airlangga Anantawikramottunggadewa, was the only king of the Kingdom of Kahuripan.
Kedu Plain, also known as Progo River Valley, is the fertile volcanic plain that lies between the volcanoes Mount Sumbing and Mount Sundoro to the west, and Mount Merbabu and Mount Merapi to the east. It roughly corresponds to the present-day Magelang and Temanggung Regency of Central Java, Indonesia.
Sanjaya was the founder of the Mataram Kingdom during the 8th century. His name was carved in the Sanskrit Canggal inscription which was found at the Gunung Wukir temple that stood on Wukir or Ukir hill on the southern Kedu Plain in Central Java.
The Sunda Kingdom was a Sundanese Hindu kingdom located in the western portion of the island of Java from 669 to around 1579, covering the area of present-day Banten, Jakarta, West Java, and the western part of Central Java. The capital of the Sunda Kingdom moved several times during its history, shifting between the Galuh (Kawali) area in the east and Pakuan Pajajaran in the west.
Pakuan Pajajaran was the fortified capital city of Sunda Kingdom. The location roughly corresponds to modern Bogor city in West Java, Indonesia, approximately around the site of Batu Tulis. The site is revered as the spiritual home of Sundanese people as it contains much of the shared identity and history of Sundanese people.
The Galuh Kingdom was a medieval Sundanese kingdom located in the eastern part of Tatar Sunda, present-day Indonesia. It was established as a breakaway kingdom of the Tarumanagara around the 7th century. Traditionally the kingdom was associated with the Central & Eastern Parahyangan cultural regions, with territory spanning from Citarum River in the west, to Cipamali and Cisarayu River in the east. Its capital was first located in Karangkamulyan, Ciamis Regency, then Saunggalah, Kuningan and Kawali, north of present-day Ciamis. The etymology of "galuh" is Old Sundanese and Kawi word for "gemstone".
Balitung was a Javanese king of Mataram. Balitung was his birth name, though like other Javanese kings of this period, he was commonly referred to by his appanage title Rakai Watukura. He reigned from 10 May 898 to c. 911–912. His territories included a wide range of areas in Central Java and East Java.
Pramodhawardhani was the queen consort of King Rakai Pikatan of Mataram Kingdom in 9th century Central Java. She was the daughter of Sailendran king Samaratungga.
The Canggal inscription is a Sanskrit inscription dated to 732, discovered in the Gunung Wukir temple complex in Kadiluwih village, Salam, Magelang Regency, Central Java, Indonesia. The inscription is written in the Pallava alphabet. The inscription documents an edict of Sanjaya, in which he declared himself the universal ruler of the Mataram Kingdom.
The Mantyasih inscription is an important inscription found and kept by Li Djok Ban in Ngadireja Parakan Temanggung, then the inscription was brought by one of the princes of Surakarta to brought to Surakarta and is now stored in the Radyapustaka Museum, Central Java, Indonesia. It is dated to 907 and was created by King Balitung from the Sanjaya dynasty, of the Ancient Mataram Kingdom. This inscription contains a genealogy of the kings of Mataram before King Balitung.
Kalingga or She-po or She-bo in Chinese sources, or Ho-ling in Arabic scriptures of Umayyad Caliphate era; was a 6th-century Indianized kingdom on the north coast of Central Java, Indonesia.
Ratu Maharani Shima was the queen regnant of the 7th century Kalingga kingdom on the northern coast of Central Java circa 674 CE.
Kahuripan was an 11th-century Javanese Hindu-Buddhist kingdom with its capital located around the estuarine of Brantas River valley in East Java. The kingdom was short-lived, only spanning the period between 1019 and 1045, and Airlangga was the only raja of the kingdom, which was built out of the rubble of the Kingdom of Mataram after the Srivijaya invasion. Airlangga later in 1045 abdicated in favour of his two sons and divided the kingdom into Janggala and Panjalu (Kadiri). The kingdom's name derived from Old Javanese term hurip with circumfix ka- -an which means "life" or "livelihood". Later in 14th to 15th century, the former kingdom was recognised as one of Majapahit's 12 provinces.
Gunung Wukir temple, or Canggal temple, or also known as Shivalinga is a Shivaite Hindu temple dated from the early 8th century, located in Canggal hamlet, Kadiluwih village, Salam subdistrict, Magelang Regency, Central Java, Indonesia. The temple dates to the year 732, making it the first structure attributed to the ancient Mataram kingdom, which ruled Central Java from 732 to around the middle of the tenth century.
Sanna was a king, who ruled Java during the early 8th century CE.
The history of Sunda Kingdom spanned almost a millennium, between 7th to 16th century. It is not sure however, whether the Sunda Kingdom was actually a continuous polity or not, nor whether its rulers belongs to a single continuous lineage of dynasty or not. This is because the scarcity of evidences, historical records and archaeological findings that plausibly connected to this kingdom.
Śrī Mahārāja Rakai Kayuwangi Dyah Lokapāla Śrī Sajjanotsavatuṅga was the seventh monarch of the Mataram Kingdom of Central Java period who ruled between 855 and 885. His birthname was Lokapāla, as indicated by the title dyah or pu that precedes it. He was also commonly referred to by his appanage title Rakai Kayuwangi, which means 'Lord of Kayuwangi'. King Lokapāla was described as a valiant king who defeated his enemies.
