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Assyrians are an ethnic group indigenous to Assyria, a region located in the Middle East. Some Assyrians self-identify as Syriacs, Chaldeans, or Arameans. They are speakers of the Neo-Aramaic branch of Semitic languages as well as the primary languages in their countries of residence. Modern Assyrians are Syriac Christians who claim descent from Assyria, one of the oldest civilizations in the world, dating back to 2500 BC in ancient Mesopotamia.
Janice Danoff "Jan" Schakowsky is an American politician who has served as the U.S. representative from Illinois's 9th congressional district since 1999. She is a member of the Democratic Party.
Dur-Sharrukin, present day Khorsabad, was the Assyrian capital in the time of Sargon II of Assyria. Khorsabad is a village in northern Iraq, 15 km northeast of Mosul. The great city was entirely built in the decade preceding 706 BC. After the unexpected death of Sargon in battle, the capital was shifted 20 km south to Nineveh.
The Assyrian Democratic Movement, popularly known as Zowaa, is an Assyrian political party situated in Iraq, and one of the main Assyrian parties within the Iraqi parliament. The Assyrian Democratic Movement states its aims are to establish equal citizenship rights with the rest of the Iraqi people without discrimination on the basis of nationality, belief, religious affiliation, culture, language and other characteristics of the native Chaldo-Assyrian Syriac people of Iraq, to acknowledge the past massacres committed against them and to ensure they are never repeated again.
Iraqi Assyrians are an ethnic and linguistic minority group, indigenous to Upper Mesopotamia. Assyrians in Iraq are those Assyrians still residing in the country of Iraq, and those in the Assyrian diaspora who are of Iraqi-Assyrian heritage. They share a common history and ethnic identity, rooted in shared linguistic, cultural and religious traditions, with Assyrians in Iran, Assyrians in Turkey and Assyrians in Syria, as well as with the Assyrian diaspora. Assyrian diaspora in Detroit, Chicago and Sydney are predominantly Iraqi Assyrians.
Kurdistan Region, abbr. KRI, is an autonomous region in Iraq comprising the four Kurdish-majority governorates of Erbil, Sulaymaniyah, Duhok, and Halabja, and bordering Iran, Syria, and Turkey. The Kurdistan Region encompasses most of Iraqi Kurdistan but excludes the disputed territories of Northern Iraq, contested between the Kurdistan Regional Government and the central Iraqi government in Baghdad since 1992 when autonomy was realized. The Kurdistan Region Parliament is situated in Erbil, but the constitution of the Kurdistan Region declares the disputed city of Kirkuk to be the capital of the Kurdistan Region. When the Iraqi Army withdrew from most of the disputed areas in mid-2014 because of the ISIL offensive in Northern Iraq, Kurdish Peshmerga entered the areas and held control there until Iraq retook the areas in October 2017.
Freydun Bet-Abram, better known as Freydun Atturaya, was an Assyrian national leader, politician, doctor and poet. Atturaya was one of the founders of the first Assyrian political party, the Assyrian Socialist Party, and a prominent early advocate for Assyrian independence. He is remembered by Assyrians today as a romantic figure, considered by some to be a national hero and martyr.
The Simele massacre, also known as the Assyrian affair, was committed by the Kingdom of Iraq, led by Bakr Sidqi, during a campaign systematically targeting the Assyrians in and around Simele in August 1933. An estimated 600 to 6,000 Assyrians were killed and over 100 Assyrian villages were destroyed and looted.
Iraq, officially the Republic of Iraq, is a country in Western Asia. It is bordered by Turkey to the north, Iran to the east, the Persian Gulf and Kuwait to the southeast, Saudi Arabia to the south, Jordan to the southwest and Syria to the west. The capital and largest city is Baghdad. Iraq is home to diverse ethnic groups including Iraqi Arabs, Kurds, Turkmens, Assyrians, Armenians, Yazidis, Mandaeans, Persians and Shabakis with similarly diverse geography and wildlife. The majority of the country's 40 million citizens are Muslims, and other recognized religions include Christianity, Yazidism, Mandaeism, Yarsanism and Zoroastrianism The official languages of Iraq are Arabic and Kurdish, with other recognized regional languages being Neo-Aramaic, Turkish and Armenian.
Assyrian Americans refers to people born in or residing in the United States of Assyrian ethnic origin. Sometimes, ethnic Assyrians can be referred to by their religious denominations, for example "Chaldean Catholic”, "Aramean”, "Syriac”, "Chaldo-Assyrian" etc.
Assyrian Australians are Australians of Assyrian descent or Assyrians who have Australian citizenship. According to the census, 40,218 persons are Assyrian, 21,166 identified themselves as having Chaldean ancestry. Historically, Assyrian people were indigenous to their ancient ancestral Assyrian homeland that corresponds to modern-day northern Iraq, southeast Turkey northwestern fringes of Iran and northeast Syria. The majority of Assyrian Australians have immigrated mainly from Iraq, Iran, Syria, Jordan and the Caucasus.
The Assyrian Academic Society (AAS) was established in 1983, as an academic, educational and minority organization of Assyrians in the United States. From its foundation, AAS was based in Chicago, a city with one of the largest communities of Assyrian Americans. It was established as a non-governmental organization dedicated to promotion of Assyrian cultural and historical heritage. Its activities included organization of lectures and seminars, promotion of Assyrian literature and native language, and cooperation with other Assyrian organizations, both in the USA and worldwide. Its goal was to serve as a center for advancement and promotion of cultural developments within the Assyrian diaspora and to introduce Assyrian heritage to the outside world. The organization was a registered 501(C)(3) non-profit organization, without political affiliations.
Sargon of Akkad, also known as Sargon the Great, was the first ruler of the Akkadian Empire, known for his conquests of the Sumerian city-states in the 24th to 23rd centuries BC. He is sometimes identified as the first person in recorded history to rule over an empire.
Assyrian politics in Iraq have been taking many different turns since the US invasion of Iraq in 2003. Today, there are many different Assyrian political parties in Iraq. The main Assyrian party that came out from the 2005 elections was the Assyrian Democratic Movement. However, Sarkis Aghajan began to challenge its power beginning in 2006 with the opening of Ishtar TV and the KDP-affiliated Chaldean Syriac Assyrian Popular Council.
The Assyrian independence movement is a political movement and ethno-nationalist desire of the Assyrian people to live in their traditional Assyrian homeland under the self-governance of an Assyrian State.
Tyari is an Assyrian tribe and a historical district within Hakkari, Turkey. The area was traditionally divided into Upper and Lower Tyari –each consisting of several Assyrian villages. Both Upper and Lower Tyari are located on the western bank of the Zab river. Today, the district mostly sits in around the town of Çukurca. Historically, the largest village of the region was known as Ashitha. According to Hannibal Travis the Tyari Assyrians were known for their skills in weaving and knitting.
Yonadam Yousip Kanna is an Assyrian politician and the first Christian member of the Iraqi National Assembly since 2003. Kanna also serves as the current Secretary General of the Assyrian Democratic Movement, holding the position since 2001.
This is a list of Assyrian populations by country according to official and estimated numbers. Due to a lack of official data in many countries, estimates may vary.
The 2014 parliamentary elections in Iraq included a vote for five seats reserved for the Assyrian community. Prior to the elections, the Assyrian Democratic Movement (ADM) held three seats and Chaldean Syriac Assyrian Popular Council (CSAPC) two. A total of 84 Assyrians competed in 9 different lists.
References
- ↑ "Former Iraqi environment minister jailed for corruption". Reuters. November 15, 2015.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link) - ↑ Dougherty, Beth K. (2019-06-15). Historical Dictionary of Iraq. Rowman & Littlefield. ISBN 978-1-5381-2005-7.
- ↑ "H.E. Mr. Sargon Lazar Slewa | Environment Assembly". www.unep.org. Retrieved 2022-01-15.
- ↑ Management, United Nations Department of General Assembly and Conference (2014-12-31). Report of the United Nations Environment Assembly of the United Nations Environment Programme: First session (23-27 June 2014). United Nations. ISBN 978-92-1-057824-0.
- ↑ "Iraqi Ex-Minister Jailed For Graft". RadioFreeEurope/RadioLiberty. Retrieved 2022-01-15.