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In computing, a database is an organized collection of data stored and accessed electronically from a computer system. Where databases are more complex they are often developed using formal design and modeling techniques.
A relational database is a digital database based on the relational model of data, as proposed by E. F. Codd in 1970. A system used to maintain relational databases is a relational database management system (RDBMS). Many relational database systems have an option of using the SQL for querying and maintaining the database.
Db2 is a family of data management products, including database servers, developed by IBM. They initially supported the relational model, but were extended to support object–relational features and non-relational structures like JSON and XML. The brand name was originally styled as DB/2, then DB2 until 2017 and finally changed to its present form.
MonetDB is an open-source column-oriented relational database management system (RDBMS) developed at the Centrum Wiskunde & Informatica (CWI) in the Netherlands. It is designed to provide high performance on complex queries against large databases, such as combining tables with hundreds of columns and millions of rows. MonetDB has been applied in high-performance applications for online analytical processing, data mining, geographic information system (GIS), Resource Description Framework (RDF), text retrieval and sequence alignment processing.
C-Store is a database management system (DBMS) based on a column-oriented DBMS developed by a team at Brown University, Brandeis University, Massachusetts Institute of Technology and the University of Massachusetts Boston including Michael Stonebraker, Stanley Zdonik, and Samuel Madden. The last release of the original code was in 2006; Vertica a commercial fork, lives on.
A column-oriented DBMS or columnar DBMS is a database management system (DBMS) that stores data tables by column rather than by row. Practical use of a column store versus a row store differs little in the relational DBMS world. Both columnar and row databases can use traditional database query languages like SQL to load data and perform queries. Both row and columnar databases can become the backbone in a system to serve data for common extract, transform, load (ETL) and data visualization tools. However, by storing data in columns rather than rows, the database can more precisely access the data it needs to answer a query rather than scanning and discarding unwanted data in rows.
Greenplum is a big data technology based on MPP architecture and the Postgres open source database technology. The technology was created by a company of the same name headquartered in San Mateo, California around 2005. Greenplum was acquired by EMC Corporation in July 2010.
Michael Ralph Stonebraker is a computer scientist specializing in database research. Through a series of academic prototypes and commercial startups, Stonebraker's research and products are central to many relational database systems. He is also the founder of many database companies, including Ingres Corporation, Illustra, Paradigm4, StreamBase Systems, Tamr, Vertica and VoltDB, and served as chief technical officer of Informix. He is also an editor for the book Readings in Database Systems.
Vertica Systems is an analytic database management software company. Vertica was founded in 2005 by database researcher Michael Stonebraker and Andrew Palmer. Palmer was the founding CEO. Ralph Breslauer and Christopher P. Lynch served as later CEOs.
A NoSQL database provides a mechanism for storage and retrieval of data that is modeled in means other than the tabular relations used in relational databases. Such databases have existed since the late 1960s, but the name "NoSQL" was only coined in the early 21st century, triggered by the needs of Web 2.0 companies. NoSQL databases are increasingly used in big data and real-time web applications. NoSQL systems are also sometimes called "Not only SQL" to emphasize that they may support SQL-like query languages or sit alongside SQL databases in polyglot-persistent architectures.
VoltDB is an in-memory database designed by Michael Stonebraker, Sam Madden, and Daniel Abadi. It is an ACID-compliant RDBMS that uses a shared-nothing architecture. It includes both enterprise and community editions. The community edition is licensed under the GNU Affero General Public License.
H-Store is an experimental database management system (DBMS). It was designed for online transaction processing applications. H-Store was developed by a team at Brown University, Carnegie Mellon University, the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, and Yale University in 2007 by researchers Michael Stonebraker, Sam Madden, Andy Pavlo and Daniel Abadi.
A cloud database is a database that typically runs on a cloud computing platform and access to the database is provided as-a-service. There are two common deployment models: users can run databases on the cloud independently, using a virtual machine image, or they can purchase access to a database service, maintained by a cloud database provider. Of the databases available on the cloud, some are SQL-based and some use a NoSQL data model.
Actian Vector is an SQL relational database management system designed for high performance in analytical database applications. It published record breaking results on the Transaction Processing Performance Council's TPC-H benchmark for database sizes of 100 GB, 300 GB, 1 TB and 3 TB on non-clustered hardware.
The following is provided as an overview of and topical guide to databases:
Array database management systems provide database services specifically for arrays, that is: homogeneous collections of data items, sitting on a regular grid of one, two, or more dimensions. Often arrays are used to represent sensor, simulation, image, or statistics data. Such arrays tend to be Big Data, with single objects frequently ranging into Terabyte and soon Petabyte sizes; for example, today's earth and space observation archives typically grow by Terabytes a day. Array databases aim at offering flexible, scalable storage and retrieval on this information category.
NewSQL is a class of relational database management systems that seek to provide the scalability of NoSQL systems for online transaction processing (OLTP) workloads while maintaining the ACID guarantees of a traditional database system.
Actian is a computer software company headquartered in Palo Alto, California, US, with primary focus on hybrid data management, integration, and analytics. Actian has an installed base of over 5,000 active customers including large global enterprises, public sector, and small to medium enterprise. In July 2018, Actian was acquired by Indian-based HCL Technologies and Sumeru Equity Partners for $330 million.
Martin L. Kersten is a computer scientist with research focus on database architectures, query optimization and their use in scientific databases. He is an architect of the MonetDB system, an open-source column store for data warehouses, online analytical processing (OLAP) and geographic information systems (GIS). He has been (co-) founder of several successful spin-offs of the Centrum Wiskunde & Informatica (CWI).
ClickHouse is an open-source column-oriented DBMS for online analytical processing (OLAP).
References
- ↑ Download & licensing
- ↑ Gavin Clarke (September 13, 2010). "SciDB: Relational daddy answers Google, Hadoop, NoSQL: Stonebraker doesn't drop ACID". The Register. Retrieved March 29, 2017.
- ↑ Paul Brown (September 22, 2011). "Big Data and Big Analytics: SciDB is not Hadoop". Strata Conference session. Archived from the original on October 28, 2011. Retrieved September 20, 2021.
- ↑ Daniel Gutierrez (February 18, 2014). "Interview: Marilyn Matz, CEO of Paradigm4". Inside Big Data. Retrieved March 29, 2017.