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Science Supercourse is a free online accessible educational resource currently encompassing more than 165,000 downloadable PowerPoint lectures covering four main areas of science; Public Health, Computer Engineering, Environment and Agriculture. [1] [2] It represents an extension to "Supercourse" initiative which started out at the University of Pittsburgh by scientist Ronald LaPorte in the 80's. [3] [4] It is mirrored at the Library of Alexandria, and networks over 56,000 scientists in 174 countries. [5] Being a useful tool for at least one million students from around the globe, Supercourse has been a well-established starting point which triggered the emergence of the new Science Supercourse in 2008 with a wider scope in terms of content and functionalities. [6]
The system offers an interactive platform for academic students and educators worldwide to share lectures in an interactive context which allows for maximizing the user's benefit through the available personalized functionalities. Lectures on Science Supercourse are searchable, where users may search globally throughout the whole repository down to the level of a single lecture. That is in addition to the possibility of carrying out advanced search for more specific results.
Users have their own space on Science Supercours to handle the material of their interest. This includes creating their own library of favorite lectures, bookmarking slides to come back to, compiling slides from different lectures to download for personal use, receive email notifications of recent updates, etc. [7]
The International School of Information Science (ISIS)- a research center affiliated with the Library of Alexandria [8] - has been compiling lectures on the Science Supercourse from different sources. The main bulk of lectures have been crawled from the Internet, where crawling queries have been created on Google, compiling the already existing lectures on the web which pertain to credible resources (such as .edu domains). The obtained lectures are classified based on standard classifications: [9]
Lectures may also be uploaded directly onto the Science Supercourse system by professors and experts. All obtained lectures, either through crawling or manual uploading, are submitted to a Lecture Processing Workflow where the original data on the slides is converted into images to prevent any alteration, thus allowing users to use the slides as is, maintaining the original input and intellectual property of the author.
However, the addition of lectures on Science Supercourse is based on opt-out policy, where upon notification, lectures are immediately removed from the system as per the request of their authors. [13]
The repository also contains a special section for legacy lectures that contain a collection of compiled valuable presentations. This section includes:
That is in addition to lectures contributed by members of eminent institutions, such as the members of the National Academy of Sciences, [17] members of the National Institutes of Health [18] and those of the Institute of Medicine. [19]
Users are the main driving force of the Science Supercourse. Therefore, the system has been built on Web 2.0 technologies, aiming to engage community members at different levels. For example, by just viewing and rating lectures, this allows for automatic display of the best ones on top. The system allows registered users to communicate through submitting comment or aid in filtering the lectures by submitting negative reports for certain lectures that may contain ineligible content to be removed from the system. On another level, the Science Supercourse is a meeting point where experts share their knowledge and their best lectures by uploading them onto the system to be shared with others worldwide. [20] As such, networking is the main factor of success of the Science Supercourse, where each area will have an authorized network of individuals in the field designated to stimulate the contribution of high-quality lectures and to work on reviewing the relevancy and eligibility of the content on the system.
In order to achieve the goal of rendering the Science Supercourse a credible source of material for teachers and educators worldwide, the Library of Alexandria has developed a backend application [21] which is meant to be a tool for controlling the content on the Science Supercourse system. The application contains a set of functionalities and privileges involving multiple users on different levels whose roles vary from editing authors' and lectures' metadata in addition to reviewing comments and negative reports, to reviewing lecture content (accepting or rejecting lectures)and editing lectures' classification. [22]
Back-end users may handle one or more of the above-mentioned functionalities which could be requested in an Administration Request, which is granted with reference to the user’s profile and level of expertise.
Mercury is a functional logic programming language made for real-world uses. The first version was developed at the University of Melbourne, Computer Science department, by Fergus Henderson, Thomas Conway, and Zoltan Somogyi, under Somogyi's supervision, and released on April 8, 1995.
A package manager or package-management system is a collection of software tools that automates the process of installing, upgrading, configuring, and removing computer programs for a computer in a consistent manner.
The culture of Egypt has thousands of years of recorded history. Ancient Egypt was among the earliest civilizations in the world. For millennia, Egypt developed strikingly unique, complex and stable cultures that influenced other cultures of Europe, Africa and the Middle East.
The Bibliotheca Alexandrina (BA) is a major library and cultural center on the shore of the Mediterranean Sea in Alexandria, Egypt. It is a commemoration of the Library of Alexandria, once one of the largest libraries worldwide, which was lost in antiquity. The idea of reviving the old library dates back to 1974 when a committee set up by Alexandria University selected a plot of land for its new library. Construction work began in 1995, and after some US$220 millions had been spent, the complex was officially inaugurated on 16 October 2002. In 2009, the library received a donation of 500,000 books from the Bibliothèque nationale de France (BnF). The gift makes the Bibliotheca Alexandrina the sixth-largest Francophone library in the world.
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A database abstraction layer is an application programming interface which unifies the communication between a computer application and databases such as SQL Server, IBM Db2, MySQL, PostgreSQL, Oracle or SQLite. Traditionally, all database vendors provide their own interface that is tailored to their products. It is up to the application programmer to implement code for the database interfaces that will be supported by the application. Database abstraction layers reduce the amount of work by providing a consistent API to the developer and hide the database specifics behind this interface as much as possible. There exist many abstraction layers with different interfaces in numerous programming languages. If an application has such a layer built in, it is called database-agnostic.
Document classification or document categorization is a problem in library science, information science and computer science. The task is to assign a document to one or more classes or categories. This may be done "manually" or algorithmically. The intellectual classification of documents has mostly been the province of library science, while the algorithmic classification of documents is mainly in information science and computer science. The problems are overlapping, however, and there is therefore interdisciplinary research on document classification.
Racket is a general-purpose, multi-paradigm programming language and a multi-platform distribution that includes the Racket language, compiler, large standard library, IDE, development tools, and a set of additional languages including Typed Racket, Swindle, FrTime, Lazy Racket, R5RS & R6RS Scheme, Scribble, Datalog, Racklog, Algol 60 and several teaching languages.
The Digital Assets Repository is a system developed at the Bibliotheca Alexandrina (BA) by the International School of Information Science (ISIS) to create and maintain digital library collections and preserve them to future generations.
A universal library is a library with universal collections. This may be expressed in terms of it containing all existing information, useful information, all books, all works or even all possible works. This ideal, although unrealizable, has influenced and continues to influence librarians and others and be a goal which is aspired to. Universal libraries are often assumed to have a complete set of useful features.
Ismail Serageldin, Founding Director of the Bibliotheca Alexandrina (BA), the new Library of Alexandria, inaugurated in 2002, is currently, Emeritus Librarian, and member of the Board of Trustees of the Library of Alexandria. He serves as Chair or Member of a number of advisory committees for academic, research, scientific and international institutions and civil society efforts, and serves on the Advisory Committee of the World Social Science Report for 2013 and 2016, as well as the UNESCO-supported World Water Scenarios (2013) and the executive council of the Encyclopedia of Life (2010) and Chairs the Executive Council of the World Digital Library (2010). He also co-chaired the African Union's high level panel for Biotechnology (2006) and again for Science, Technology and Innovation (STI) in 2012–2013, and was a member of the ICANN Panel for the review of the internet future (2013).
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