Segmental odontomaxillary dysplasia

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Segmental odontomaxillary dysplasia is a painless, unilateral enlargement of the upper jaw. The cause is unknown, and the disease affects the jaws, teeth, and adjacent soft tissue. The premolars may be congenitally missing, and the primary teeth (baby teeth) may be smaller than usual. It is a relatively recent discovery.

Maxilla upper jawbone formed from the fusion of two maxillary bones; includes the frontal portion of the palate of the mouth

The maxilla in animals is the upper fixed bone of the jaw formed from the fusion of two maxillary bones. The upper jaw includes the hard palate in the front of the mouth. The two maxillary bones are fused at the intermaxillary suture, forming the anterior nasal spine. This is similar to the mandible, which is also a fusion of two mandibular bones at the mandibular symphysis. The mandible is the movable part of the jaw.

Premolar

The premolar teeth, or bicuspids, are transitional teeth located between the canine and molar teeth. In humans, there are two premolars per quadrant in the permanent set of teeth, making eight premolars total in the mouth. They have at least two cusps. Premolars can be considered as 'transitional teeth' during chewing, or mastication. They have properties of both the canines, that lay anterior and molars that lay posterior, and so food can be transferred from the canines to the premolars and finally to the molars for grinding, instead of directly from the canines to the molars..

Contents

Description

It is a rare developmental disorder that affects maxilla, also known as the upper jaw in most vertebrates. The disorder is often diagnosed in early childhood. Since its original description as hemimaxillofacial dysplasia by doctors in 1987, [1] less than 40 cases have been reported in the English literature. [2]

Epidiomology

All cases reported appear to represent sporadic occurrence. [3] [4] There is no specific inheritance pattern. [5] [6] [7] The male-to-female ratio of affected is 1.8:1 and is often diagnosed before the age of 9. [8] [9] [10] [11] The disorder affects the right and left sides of the maxilla almost equally. [12] [13]

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Retrognathism

Retrognathia is a type of malocclusion which refers to an abnormal posterior positioning of the maxilla or mandible, particularly the mandible, relative to the facial skeleton and soft tissues.

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References

  1. ↑ Miles DA, Lovas JL, Cohen MM., Jr Hemimaxillofacial dysplasia: A newly recognized disorder of facial asymmetry, hypertrichosis of the facial skin, unilateral enlargement of the maxilla, and hypoplastic teeth in two patients. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol. 1987;64:445–8.
  2. ↑ Shah, Ajaz; Latoo, Suhail; Ahmed, Irshad; Malik, Altaf H.; Hassan, Shahid; Bhat, Abraar; Mir, Shazia; Jain, Nitul (2012-01-01). "Midline segmental odontomaxillary dysplasia". Annals of Maxillofacial Surgery. 2 (2): 185–189. doi:10.4103/2231-0746.101358. ISSN   2231-0746. PMC   3591049  Lock-green.svg. PMID   23483745.
  3. ↑ Welsch MJ, Stein SL. A syndrome of hemimaxillary enlargement, asymmetry of the face, tooth abnormalities, and skin findings (HATS) Pediatr Dermatol. 2004;21:448–51
  4. ↑ Becktor KB, Reibel J, Vedel B, Kjaer I. Segmental odontomaxillary dysplasia: Clinical, radiological and histological aspects of four cases. Oral Dis. 2002;8:106–10.
  5. ↑ Prusack N, Pringle G, Scotti V, Chen SY. Segmental odontomaxillary dysplasia: a case report and review of the literature. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod. 2000;90:483–8.
  6. ↑ Paticoff K, Marion RW, Shprintzen RJ, Shanske AL, Eisig SB. Hemimaxillofacial dysplasia: A report of two new cases and further delineation of the disorder. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod. 1997;83:484–8.
  7. ↑ DeSalvo MS, Copete MA, Riesenberger RE, Cleveland DB, Chen SY. Segmental odontomaxillary dysplasia (hemimaxillofacial dysplasia): Case report. Pediatr Dent.1996;18:154–6.
  8. ↑ Jones AC, Ford MJ. Simultaneous occurrence of segmental odontomaxillary dysplasia and Becker's nevus. J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 1999;57:1251–4.
  9. ↑ Drake DL. Segmental odontomaxillary dysplasia: an unusual orthodontic challenge. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2003;123:84–6.
  10. ↑ Gavalda C. Segmental odontomaxillary dysplasia. Med Oral. 2004;9:181.
  11. ↑ Packota GV, Pharoah MJ, Petrikowski CG. Radiographic features of segmental odontomaxillary dysplasia: A study of 12 cases. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod. 1996;82:577–84.
  12. ↑ Danforth RA, Melrose RJ, Abrams AM, Handlers JP. Segmental odontomaxillary dysplasia. Report of eight cases and comparison with hemimaxillofacial dysplasia. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol. 1990;70:81–5.
  13. ↑ Armstrong C, Napier SS, Boyd RC, Gregg TA. Histopathology of the teeth in segmental odontomaxillary dysplasia: new findings. J Oral Pathol Med. 2004;33:246–8.
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