 | This article needs additional citations for verification .(August 2014) |
Sergio Karakachoff (June 27, 1939 - September 10, 1976) was an Argentinian journalist, human rights lawyer and politician. He was abducted, tortured and murdered for his opposition to the military dictatorship in Argentina (1976-1983). [1]
Karakachoff was born in La Plata, in the Province of Buenos Aires, Argentina. He attended the Rafael Hernandez National School where he founded the students union and whose library now carries his name. [1] He went on to study at the National University of La Plata (UNLP) where he organized a student group adhering to the principles of university reform that was a precursor of the "Purple Strip" organisation. [1] In 1963 and 1964, he was Secretary of the Legislative Council of the Municipality of La Plata. In 1965, he became a lawyer dedicated to labor law. [2]
After the installation of the military dictatorship called the Argentine Revolution, Karakachoff clearly broke with conservative ideas that held the ideas of Ricardo Balbín (so-called balbinismo) within radicalism, creating the MAP (Movement of Popular Affirmation), related to the socialist group MAP (Argentine Popular Action Movement) which was simultaneously founded by Guillermo Estévez Boero. The group would be the basis of the daily paper and political organ "En Lucha", (Infight) [3] to which Federico Storani was also associated where he wrote opinion pieces that profoundly influenced the generation of '70 highlighting the dependent structure of Argentina and the need for new strategies and policies to drive change through non-violent and democratic means.
Karakachoff had been a member of the Unión Civica Radical since he was young and in 1968 was a member of the National Coordinating Board and the Movement for Renewal and Change in 1972/1973, led by Raúl Alfonsín. [4] [5] In 1972, at the UCR National Convention he was one of the drafters of the Electoral Platform of UCR 1972, of advanced socio-democratic inspiration together with German Lopez, Roque Carranza, Bernardo Grinspun and others. In 1973 he ran for National Deputy. [6] In 1975, he proposed the need to fundamentally reform the UCR to transform it into a political party deeply rooted in the working class. In 1975, he joined the Permanent Assembly for Human Rights (APDH) where he became involved presenting hundreds of writs of habeas corpus on behalf of the detained and disappeared, that ran into thousands, from the actions of the 1976 military coup.
On September 10, 1976 Sergio Karakachoff was kidnapped by a paramilitary group along with his friend and partner, Domingo Teruggi. Their tortured bodies appeared on September 11, on the roadside in an area called Magdalena on the outskirts of the city of La Plata. Days earlier he had denounced the violence of the military junta in an article titled "Acerca de la violencia" ("About Violence"). [1] [3]
The library of the Rafael Hernández National College in the city of La Plata bears his name. [1]
Montoneros was an Argentine far-left Peronist and Catholic revolutionary guerrilla organization, which emerged in the 1970s during the "Argentine Revolution" dictatorship. Its name was a reference to the 19th-century cavalry militias called Montoneras, which fought for the Federalist Party in the Argentine civil wars. Radicalized by the political repression of anti-Peronist regimes, the influence of Cuban Revolution and socialist worker-priests committed to liberation theology, the Montoneros emerged from the 1960s Catholic revolutionary guerilla Comando Camilo Torres as a "national liberation movement", and became a convergence of revolutionary Peronism, Guevarism, and the revolutionary Catholicism of Juan García Elorrio shaped by Camilism. They fought for the return of Juan Perón to Argentina and the establishment of "Christian national socialism", based on 'indigenous' Argentinian and Catholic socialism, seen as the ultimate conclusion of Peronist doctrine.
Jorge Rafael Videla was an Argentine military officer and dictator who was the 47th President of Argentina and as well as the 1st President of the National Reorganisation Process from 1976 to 1981. His rule, which was during the time of Operation Condor, was among the most infamous in Latin America during the Cold War due to its high level of human rights abuses and severe economic mismanagement.
Raúl Ricardo Alfonsín was an Argentine lawyer and statesman who served as President of Argentina from 10 December 1983 to 8 July 1989. He was the first democratically elected president after the 7-years National Reorganization Process. Ideologically, he identified as a radical and a social democrat, serving as the leader of the Radical Civic Union from 1983 to 1991, 1993 to 1995, 1999 to 2001, with his political approach being known as "Alfonsinism".
The Dirty War is the name used by the military junta or civic-military dictatorship of Argentina for its period of state terrorism in Argentina from 1974 to 1983 as a part of Operation Condor. During this campaign, military and security forces and death squads in the form of the Argentine Anticommunist Alliance hunted down any political dissidents and anyone believed to be associated with socialism, left-wing Peronism, or the Montoneros movement.
The Justicialist Party is a major political party in Argentina, and the largest branch within Peronism.
The National Reorganization Process was the military dictatorship that ruled Argentina from 1976 to 1983. In Argentina it is often known simply as the última junta militar, última dictadura militar or última dictadura cívico-militar, because there have been several in the country's history and no others since it ended.
Facundo Suárez was an Argentine Radical Civic Union (UCR) politician.
The Full stop law, Ley de Punto Final, was passed by the National Congress of Argentina in 1986, three years after the end of the military dictatorship of the Proceso de Reorganización Nacional and restoration of democracy. Formally, this law is referred to by number, like all others in Argentine legislation, but Ley de Punto Final is the designation in common use, even in official speeches.
Ricardo Balbín was an Argentine lawyer and politician, and one of the most important figures of the centrist Radical Civic Union (UCR), for which he was the presidential nominee four times: in 1951, 1958, and twice in 1973.
The Argentine University Federation is the most important student organization in Argentina.
The Night of the Pencils, was a series of kidnappings and forced disappearances, followed by the torture, rape, and murder of 10 high-school students that began on the evening of 16 September 1976 and continued into the next day, during Argentina's last civil-military dictatorship. The event is one of the most infamous acts of repression committed by the last Argentine military dictatorship, as most of the victims were under 18 years of age. Four of the victims survived; the remains of the others have never been found.
A general election was held in Argentina on 30 October 1983 and marked the return of constitutional rule following the self-styled National Reorganization Process dictatorship installed in 1976. Voters fully chose the president, governors, mayors, and their respective national, province and town legislators; with a turnout of 85.6%.
The Rafael Hernández National College is one of the four public high schools that are part of the National University of La Plata, in the City of La Plata, Argentina. The Colegio Nacional aegis denotes a school belonging to the system of national secondary schools. The other constituent high schools associated with this university are the Víctor Mercante Lyceum, the "Bachillerato de Bellas Artes" and the Inchausti School for Agricultural Education.
The period spanning from 1916 to 1930 in Argentina is known as the Radical Phase, as it began with the election of the Radical Civic Union candidate Hipólito Yrigoyen, ending the conservative Generation of '80's domination on politics. Yrigoyen's second term, which started in 1928, was interrupted by Argentina's first military coup, which established José Félix Uriburu in power and initiated the Infamous Decade.
The history of Argentina can be divided into four main parts: the pre-Columbian time or early history, the colonial period (1536–1809), the period of nation-building (1810–1880), and the history of modern Argentina.
The 1922 Argentine general election was held on 2 April 1922, in which Marcelo T. de Alvear was elected to the office of the president representing the Radical Civic Union (UCR). Voter turnout for the election was 55.3%, with the UCR garnering a plurality at 51% of the popular vote and carrying 9 of the 14 provinces of Argentina.
César Jaroslavsky was an Argentine politician prominent in the UCR, the country's oldest existing political party.
Patrick Michael Rice was an Irish human rights activist and former Catholic priest and religious who became a resident of Argentina. He was a campaigner on behalf of the families of the "disappeared", the victims of that nation's dirty war during the 1970s. He himself was kidnapped and tortured as a part of that activity by the Argentine military dictatorship.
In Argentina, there were six coups d'état during the 20th century: in 1930, 1943, 1955, 1962, 1966 and 1976. The first four established interim dictatorships, while the last two established dictatorships of permanent type on the model of a bureaucratic-authoritarian state. The latter conducted a Dirty War in the line of State terrorism, in which human rights were systematically violated and there were tens of thousands of forced disappearances.
Leopoldo Raúl Guido Moreau is an Argentine journalist and politician. A prominent member of the Radical Civic Union throughout most of his career, Moreau later aligned himself with the administration of former president Cristina Fernández de Kirchner, breaking with his party, founding the National Alfonsinist Movement and becoming one of the most prominent Radicales K.