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The Mormon Trail is the 1,300-mile (2,100 km) long route from Illinois to Utah that members of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints traveled for 3 months. Today, the Mormon Trail is a part of the United States National Trails System, known as the Mormon Pioneer National Historic Trail.
The California Trail was an emigrant trail of about 1,600 mi (2,600 km) across the western half of the North American continent from Missouri River towns to what is now the state of California. After it was established, the first half of the California Trail followed the same corridor of networked river valley trails as the Oregon Trail and the Mormon Trail, namely the valleys of the Platte, North Platte, and Sweetwater rivers to Wyoming. The trail has several splits and cutoffs for alternative routes around major landforms and to different destinations, with a combined length of over 5,000 mi (8,000 km).
The Old Spanish Trail is a historical trade route that connected the northern New Mexico settlements of Santa Fe, New Mexico with those of Los Angeles, California and southern California. Approximately 700 mi (1,100 km) long, the trail ran through areas of high mountains, arid deserts, and deep canyons. It is considered one of the most arduous of all trade routes ever established in the United States. Explored, in part, by Spanish explorers as early as the late 16th century, the trail was extensively used by traders with pack trains from about 1830 until the mid-1850s.
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Chalk Creek is a stream in Millard County, Utah, United States.
Meadow Creek is a stream in Millard County, Utah. It was originally known as 4th Creek south of Sevier River to the early travelers on the Mormon Road. Its mouth is located at an elevation of 4,842 feet or 1,476 meters. Its source is located an elevation of 9,760 feet, at 38°51′50″N112°14′16″W near the summit of White Pine Peak in the Pahvant Range. Meadow is located north of the mouth of the stream.
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Cove Creek is a stream in Beaver County and Millard County, Utah. It originates at the head of its canyon southeast of Cove Fort at 38°38′09″N112°29′34″W in Beaver County. It drains north down through the Tushar Mountains then turns west at the foot of Sulphur Peak running between the south end of the Pavant Range and the Tushar Mountains, past Cove Fort, from which it received its name. It then runs west past the north end of the Mineral Mountains to disappear into the sands of the desert at Beaver Bottoms.
Fremont Wash sometimes called Fremont Canyon in its upper reach, is a stream and a valley in the north end of Parowan Valley, in Iron County, Utah. Its mouth lies at its confluence with Little Salt Lake at an elevation of 5,686 feet / 1,733 meters. Its head is found at 38°07′46″N112°34′36″W, the mouth of Fremont Canyon, an elevation of 6,476 feet / 1,974 meters.
Red Creek is a stream in Iron County, Utah. Its mouth lies at an elevation of 5,925 feet / 1,806 meters near Paragonah, Utah. Its source is located at an elevation of 9,560 feet at 37°48′55″N112°40′32″W near Willow Spring in the Markagunt Plateau.
Parowan Creek, is a stream in the Parowan Valley of Iron County, Utah. It flows north through Parowan, Utah to its mouth at an elevation of 5,686 feet / 1,733 meters at the Little Salt Lake in Parowan Valley. Its source is located at an elevation of 9,980 feet at 37°40′57″N112°51′16″W in Brian Head, Utah in the Markagunt Plateau.
Utah Hill Summit is a summit and a gap in the Beaver Dam Mountains in Washington County, Utah. It lies at an elevation of 4,731 / 1,442 meters.
Mormon Road, also known to the 49ers as the Southern Route, of the California Trail, was a seasonal wagon road first pioneered by a Mormon party from Salt Lake City, Utah led by Jefferson Hunt, that followed the route of Spanish explorers and the Old Spanish Trail across southwestern Utah, northwestern Arizona, southern Nevada and the Mojave Desert of California to Los Angeles in 1847. From 1855, it became a military and commercial wagon route between California and Utah, called the Los Angeles – Salt Lake Road. In later decades this route was variously called the "Old Mormon Road", the "Old Southern Road", or the "Immigrant Road" in California. In Utah, Arizona and Nevada it was known as the "California Road".
Indian Creek originally known as Sage Creek, is a tributary stream of the Beaver River in Beaver County, Utah. Its mouth is at its confluence with the Beaver River at an elevation of 5,499 feet / 1,676 meters above the Minersville Reservoir, 0.4 miles south of Adamsville. Its source is at 38°24′31″N112°26′55″W, on the northwest slope of Mount Baldy at an elevation of 10,600 feet in the Tushar Mountains.
Johnson Creek, originally known as Cottonwood Creek, is a stream in iron County, Utah, United States. Its mouth is in the Cedar Valley at an elevation of 5,407 feet (1,648 m), 1.5 miles (2.4 km) south of Rush Lake, where is dissipates into the ground. Its source is a group of springs, formerly known as Elkhorn Springs, later Johnson Springs, running from north to south, at the foot of the south end of the Red Hills at 37°46′32″N113°01′31″W at an elevation of 5,500 to 5,510 feet in what is now Enoch, Utah.
Iron Springs, originally Cedar Springs, was a spring in the bed of Iron Springs Creek in what is now Iron County, Utah. The creek originally drained the western side of Cedar Valley before it was settled. Cedar Springs was located in the gap where the creek passed between the mountains of The Three Peaks and Granite Mountain. Cedar Springs was a camp for early travelers on the Mormon Road, after they had made the arduous passage from Johnson's Springs across the marshy and wooded Coal Creek. It was difficult to cross with wagons at that point in Cedar Valley. The road crossed Coal Creek midway across the valley between Johnson Springs and Cedar Springs. The travelers guide, Mormon Waybill described Cedar Spring "... wood plenty food short, Good camp". When Cedar City was established on the upper reach of Coal Creek in 1851, the road was diverted to the easy crossing there and then proceeded across the valley to Iron springs, a longer route but less arduous.
References
- ↑ "The distance from Sevier river, at the crossing of the Mormon road to Salt lake, is 120 miles,..." from Joseph Henry, Spencer Fullerton Baird, Reports of Explorations and Surveys to Ascertain the Most Practicable and Economical Route for a Railroad from the Mississippi River to the Pacific Ocean, United States War Department, Beverley Tucker, Printer, Washington, 1855, p.73
- ↑ LeRoy Reuben Hafen, Ann Woodbury Hafen, Journals of Forty-niners: Salt Lake to Los Angeles: with Diaries and Contemporary Records of Sheldon Young, James S. Brown, Jacob Y. Stover, Charles C. Rich, Addison Pratt, Howard Egan, Henry W. Bigler, and Others, U of Nebraska Press, 1954, pp.321-324 Mormon Waybill, Joseph Cain and A. C. Brower, Salt Lake City, 1851. Road distances to Salt Creek (later the site of Nephi) and to Cedar Creek, (later the site of Holden), from readings of rodeometer attached to the wagon of Addison Pratt of the 1849 Jefferson Hunt Wagon Train.
- ↑ Hafen, Journals of Forty-niners, 1954, p.64, note 20
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