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The Arabs, also known as the Arab people, are an ethnic group who identify with each other on the basis of language, culture, history and ancestry, mainly inhabiting the Arab world, primarily in Western Asia and North Africa. Furthermore, a significant Arab diaspora is also present in various parts of the world, most notably in the Americas, Western Europe, Turkey and Iran.
Jinn – also romanized as djinn or anglicized as genies – are invisible creatures in early religion in pre-Islamic Arabia and later in Islamic culture and beliefs. Like humans, they are accountable for their deeds, can be either believers (muslims) or unbelievers (kafir); depending on whether they accept God's guidance. Since jinn are neither innately evil nor innately good, Islam acknowledged spirits from other religions and was able to adapt them during its expansion. Jinn are not a strictly Islamic concept; they may represent several pagan beliefs integrated into Islam. To assert a strict monotheism and the Islamic concept of tawhid, Islam denies all affinities between the jinn and God, thus placing the jinn parallel to humans, also subject to God's judgment and afterlife. The Quran condemns the pre-Islamic Arabian practise of worshipping or seeking protection from them.
Religion in pre-Islamic Arabia included indigenous Arabian polytheism, ancient Semitic religions, Christianity, Judaism, Mandaeism, and Zoroastrianism.
Thaumaturgy is the purported capability of a magician to work magic or other paranormal events or a saint to perform miracles. It is sometimes translated into English as wonderworking.
Arabization or Arabisation is the adoption of Arab culture, language, and identity by non-Arabs as a result of growing Arab influence on non-Arab populations, causing a language shift by the latter's gradual adoption of the Arabic language and assimilation into Arab culture or the fusion of local cultures with it. Arabization took place after the Muslim conquest of the Middle East and North Africa, as well as during the Arab nationalist policies of some governments in modern Arab states toward non-Arab minorities, including Algeria, Iraq, Kuwait, and Sudan.
Arabic poetry is the earliest form of Arabic literature. Present knowledge of poetry in Arabic dates from the 6th century, but oral poetry is believed to predate
Al-Qadim is a campaign setting for the Dungeons & Dragons role-playing game which was developed by Jeff Grubb with Andria Hayday for TSR, Inc., and was first released in 1992. Al-Qadim uses One Thousand and One Nights as a theme and is set in the land of Zakhara, called the Land of Fate. Thematically, the land of Zakhara is a blend of the historical Muslim Caliphates, the stories of legend, and a wealth of Hollywood cinematic history. Zakhara is a peninsula on the continent of Faerûn in the world of Toril, the locale of the Forgotten Realms campaign setting, although Al-Qadim is designed to stand on its own or be added to any existing campaign setting. The basic campaign setting was divided between two game products: Al-Qadim: Arabian Adventures, a sourcebook describing character creation rules, equipment, and spells unique to the setting, and Al-Qadim: Land of Fate, a boxed set describing the land of Zakhara, with separate sourcebooks for the players and the Dungeon Master.
Asian witchcraft refers to any or all types of witchcraft practiced in Asia.
Marid is a type of powerful devil in Islamic traditions. The Arabic word meaning rebellious is applied to such supernatural beings.
The Musha'sha' were a Shi'i Arab dynasty based in the town of Hoveyzeh in Khuzestan, ruling from 1435 to 1924. Initially starting out as a tribal confederation, they gradually transformed into a zealous Isma'ili-Shi'i dynasty. The independence of the Musha'sha' was put to an end in 1508 by the Safavid shah (king) Ismail I, who claimed to be the only legitimate Shi'i ruler. Following this, the Musha'sha remained compliant, typically serving as valis or governors under Iranian suzerainty for the following centuries.
The Muʻallaqāt is a group of seven long Arabic poems. The name means The Suspended Odes or The Hanging Poems, the traditional explanation being that these poems were hung in the Kaaba in Mecca, while scholars have also suggested that the hanging is figurative, as if the poems "hang" in the reader's mind.
The Tribes of Arabia or Arab tribes are the ethnic Arab tribes and clans that originated in the Arabian Peninsula. The tribes of Arabia descend from either one of the two Arab ancestors, Adnan or Qahtan.
The Ruwallah are a large Arab tribe of northern Arabia and the Syrian Desert, including modern-day Jordan.
Arabian Adventures is an accessory for the 2nd edition of the Advanced Dungeons & Dragons fantasy role-playing game, published in 1992.
The Complete Sha'ir's Handbook is an accessory for the 2nd edition of the Advanced Dungeons & Dragons fantasy role-playing game, published in 1994.
In Islam, the belief that spiritual entities—particularly, jinn—can possess a person,, is widespread; as is the belief that the jinn and devils can be expelled from the possessed person through exorcism. This practice is called al-'azm or ruqya and exorcists are called raqi.
Div or dev are monstrous creatures within Middle Eastern lore. Most of their depictions derive from Persian mythology, integrated to Islam and spread to surrounding cultures including Armenia, Turkic countries and Albania. Although they are not explicitly mentioned within canonical Islamic scriptures, their existence was well accepted by most Muslims just like that of other supernatural creatures. They exist along with jinn, peri (fairies) and shayatin (devils) within South- and Central Asia demon-beliefs.
Hind bint al-Nuʿmān, also known as al-Ḥurqah, was a pre-Islamic Arab poet. There is some historiographical debate, going back to the Middle Ages, over precisely what her names were, with corresponding debates over whether some of the bearers of these names were different people or not. An example of a poet-princess, she has been read as a key figure in pre-Islamic poetry.
Sila is a supernatural creature assigned to the jinn or ghouls in Arabian folklore. These spirits are classified as being one of the most malicious class of jinn. They are described as talented shapeshifters often appearing in human form and female. Despite their impressive shapeshifting abilities, they can be discovered by their hybrid appearances of animals.
Superstition is an excessively credulous belief in supernatural causality: the belief that one event is the cause of another without any physical process linking the two, such as astrology, omens, witchcraft, and apotropaic magic. According to Rashid Shaz the whole Muslim world is permeated with pre-Islamic superstitions, which he relates to "clinging to false hope" and even shirk.
References
- 1 2 3 4 Charles Dudley Warner; John William Cunliffe; Ashley Horace Thorndike; Harry Morgan Ayres; Helen Rex Keller; Gerhard Richard Lomer, eds. (1917). The Warner Library. Vol. 30. Warner Library Co. pp. 9–14.
- ↑ Kuiper, Kathleen (2009). Islamic Art, Literature, and Culture. The Rosen Publishing Group. pp. 58–61. ISBN 978-1615300976.
- ↑ "What Are Jinn: The Arab Spirits Who Can Eat, Sleep, Have Sex, and Die". www.vice.com. 31 October 2018. Retrieved 2022-07-13.
- ↑ Grubb, Jeff (1992). Al-Qadim: Arabian Adventures . TSR, Inc. pp. 42–43. ISBN 1-56076-358-2.