Shahnshah II Zakarian Շահնշահ Բ Զաքարյան | |
---|---|
Amirspasalar | |
In office 1290–1310 | |
Succeeded by | Qvarqvare I Jaqeli |
Atabeg | |
In office 1294–1306 | |
Preceded by | Khutlubuga |
Succeeded by | Sargis II Jaqeli |
Personal details | |
Spouse | Kuandze |
Parent | Ivane II Zakarian |
Shahnshah II Zakarian was a member of the Armenian Zakarid dynasty,and a Court official of the Kingdom of Georgia,holding the office of amirspasalar (Commander-in-Chief) and atabeg (Governor General) of Georgia.
He was the son of Ivane II Zakarian and grandson of Shahnshah Zakarian,he was one of the active participants in the political events of that time. He was an apostle to Beka I Jaqeli,so that he could send the Prince George (the future George V) to be brought up with him. The chronicler mentions Shahnshah a member of the Mongol punitive expedition against King David VIII. "Atabeg-Amirspasalar Shahansha" is mentioned in one of the Armenian inscriptions of 1310 AD,and only as Atabeg in the Georgian-language epitaph on the tombstone of his brother,Atabeg Vahram.
The wife of Shahnshah II Zakarian was named Kuandze and was the daughter of the Armenian Princes Khoshak and Shams al-Din Juvayni,an Il-Khanid Sahib Divan,"the highest ranking officials in the hierarchical system of the II-khanid state",responsible for finance. [1] [2] Khuandze is known from an inscription at Ani,on the mosque Abul Mā’maran. [1]
Kuandze is also known from an inscription at the Church of the Holy Apostles at Ani:
In 769 (ie 1320), by the mercy of God, I Khouandze, wife of Atabek Shahnchah (II) who died in this year, and caused us and our eastern country a great affliction, me, his wife, daughter of Chamchadin Sahip-Divan and of the Baroness Khorichah, (great-) granddaughter of the Atabek Ivane (I), as well as my son Zacharia (IV), for the salvation of the soul of the master and for the longevity of my brothers, we have waived in our heritage town of Ani the right to the counting of cows and donkeys, as well as on large and small entry permits. Anyone who attempts to put an obstacle to our dispositions, whether he is Armenian, Georgian or Mongolian, may he be judged and condemned by God, may he share the fate of Satan and may he be his co-inhabitant of the gehenna; let the Georgian be excommunicated and cursed; the Mongol be covered with shame and guilt before the prophets glorified in God; but may those who observe our provisions until the end of the world be blessed by Almighty God. Let anyone who opposes it be anathema, like Judas and like Cain. These favors and this charity were established under the government of Baron Lip. Ptough the scribe.
The Mongol invasions of Georgia, which at that time consisted of Georgia proper, Armenia, and much of the Caucasus, involved multiple invasions and large-scale raids throughout the 13th century. The Mongol Empire first appeared in the Caucasus in 1220 as generals Subutai and Jebe pursued Muhammad II of Khwarezm during the destruction of the Khwarezmian Empire. After a series of raids in which they defeated the combined Georgian and Armenian armies, Subutai and Jebe continued north to invade Kievan Rus'.
The Orbelian lords of the province of Syunik were a noble family of Armenia, with a long history of political influence documented in inscriptions throughout the provinces of Vayots Dzor and Syunik, and recorded by the family historian Bishop Stepanos in his 1297 History of Syunik.
The Zakarid dynasty, also Zakarids or Zakarians were a noble dynasty, rulers of Zakarid Armenia (1201–1350) under the suzerainty of the Kingdom of Georgia, and from 1256 under the control of the Mongol Ilkhanate of Persia. Their dynastic name was formed in honour of Zakare, the famous servant of the Georgian King Tamar. They were also known by their Georgian nickname Mkhargrdzeli. A family legend says that this name was a reference to their Achaemenid ancestor Artaxerxes II the "Longarmed". According to Cyril Toumanoff / Encyclopædia Iranica, they were an offshoot of the Armenian Pahlavuni family. The Zakarians considered themselves Armenians.
Kobayr is a 12th-century Armenian monastery located in the village Kobayr, directly across the road from the town of Tumanyan, within Lori marz, Armenia.
Akhtala, also known as Pghindzavank is a 10th-century Armenian Apostolic monastery located in the town of Akhtala in the marz of Lori, 185 kilometers (115 mi) north of Yerevan and 87 kilometers south of Tbilisi. The monastery is currently inactive. The fortress played a major role in protecting the north-western regions of Armenia (Gugark) and is among the most well preserved of all in modern Armenia. The main church at the compound is famous for its highly artistic frescoes, which cover the inside walls, the partitions, and the bearings of the building. The frescoes of Akhtala Monastery, in Armenian-Chalcedonian style, were commissionned by the Zakarid ruler Ivane I Zakarian in 1205-1216.
Shams al-Din Juvayni was a Persian statesman and member of the Juvayni family. He was an influential figure in early Ilkhanate politics, serving as sahib-i divan under four Mongol Ilkhans – Hulagu, Abaqa, Tekuder and Arghun Khan. In 1284, Arghun accused Shams al-Din of having poisoned the Ilkhan Abaqa, who may actually have died of the effects of alcoholism; Shams al-Din was duly executed and replaced as vizier by Buqa. A skillful political and military leader, Shams al-Din is also known to have patronized the arts. The musician Safi al-Din al-Urmawi was one of those he supported.
Zakarid Armenia alternatively known as the Zakarid Period, describes a historical period in the Middle Ages during which the Armenian vassals of the Kingdom of Georgia were ruled by the Zakarid-Mkhargrzeli dynasty. The city of Ani was the capital of the princedom. The Zakarids were vassals to the Bagrationi dynasty in Georgia, but frequently acted independently and at times titled themselves as kings. In 1236, they fell under the rule of the Mongol Empire as a vassal state with local autonomy.
Zakare II Zakarian or Zakaria II Mkhargrdzeli, was an Armenian prince and a Court official of the Kingdom of Georgia holding the office of amirspasalar (Commander-in-Chief) of the Georgian army for Queen Tamar of Georgia, during the late 12th and early 13th centuries. He was a member of the Zakarid dynasty, and ruler of feudal lands in the Kingdom of Georgia.
Avag Zakarian was an Armenian noble of the Zakarid line, and a Court official of the Kingdom of Georgia, as atabeg and amirspasalar of Georgia from 1227 to 1250.
Zakare III Zakarian or Zakaria III Mkhargrdzeli was a 13th century Armenian noble and a Court official of the Kingdom of Georgia, holding the position of amirspasalar (Commander-in-Chief) for the Georgian army.
In 1235–1236, Mongol forces, unlike their first raid in 1221, appeared with the sole purpose of conquest and occupation of Kingdom of Georgia and easily overran the already devastated kingdom. Queen Rusudan fled to the security of western Georgia, while the nobles secluded themselves in their fortresses.
Ivane I Zakarian was an Armenian prince, and a Court official of the Kingdom of Georgia holding the offices of Msakhurtukhutsesi (Majordomo) and Atabeg for Queen Tamar of Georgia during the early 13th centuries. He was a prince of the Zakarid dynasty, the son of Sargis Zakarian, and the younger brother and successor of Zakare II Zakarian. He was also ruler of feudal lands in the Kingdom of Georgia.
Shahnshah Zakarian was a member of the Armenian Zakarid dynasty, and a Court official of the Kingdom of Georgia, holding the office of amirspasalar (Commander-in-Chief) of the Georgian army. He was the son of Zakare II Zakarian, and the father of Zakare III Zakarian, who participated to the Siege of Baghdad in 1258.
The Kingdom of Georgia from 1256 to 1329, sometimes called the Kingdom of Eastern Georgia was the official prolongation of the Kingdom of Georgia from 1256 to 1329, but limited in its rule to the geographical areas of central and eastern Georgia, while the western part of the country temporarily seceded to form the Kingdom of Western Georgia under its own line of kings. The secession followed a transitional period when the rule of the Kingdom of Georgia was jointly assumed by the cousins David VI and David VII from 1246 to 1256. The entity split into two parts when David VI, revolting from the Mongol hegemony, seceded in the western half of the kingdom and formed the Kingdom of Western Georgia in 1256. David VII was relegated to the rule of Eastern Georgia. During his reign, Eastern Georgia went into further decline under the Mongol overlordship.
The Church of St Gregory of Tigran Honents, or Church of Saint Gregory the Illuminator is a medieval religious structure located in Ani, in Turkey's Kars province next to the closed border with Armenia. It was built by the Armenian Tigran Honents under the Zakarids in 1215, according to an inscription in Armenian on the exterior of the church.
Tigran Honents was a rich Armenian trader of the early 13th century, during the Zakarid period. He is especially known for his dedication of the Church of St Gregory of Tigran Honents in Ani, in Turkey's province of Kars next to the closed border with Armenia in 1215.
The Church of Saint Elia also Zakare's church, is located in Kizkale, near Ani in Turkey. It was built by the Zakarids in the early 13th century, as well as the nearby church of Tigran Honents.
Sargis Zakarian was a founder of the Zakarid dynasty line. He was a Court official of the Kingdom of Georgia, holding the offices of Amirspasalar (Commander-in-Chief) for Queen Tamar of Georgia during the late 12th century. He was also ruler of feudal lands in the Kingdom of Georgia. He had two particularly famous sons: Ivane I Zakarian and Zakare II Zakarian.
The Church of the Holy Apostles, also Surp Arak’elots, is an important ecclesiastical monument of the ruined city of Ani, modern Turkey, on the border with Armenia.
Khoshak Zakarian, also Khuashak , Khvashak or Xvashak, was a female member of the Zakarid dynasty of Armenian Prince in the 14th century CE. She was the daughter of Avag Zakarian, an important Prince, Lord High Constable of Georgia, and Gvantsa, a noblewoman who went on to become queen of Georgia. She was the granddaughter of Ivane I Zakarian.
We are faced with the opposite situation from the Abul Mā'maran inscription, in that this inscription is designed to appeal to the non-Armenian population, but is placed in a relatively private location inside the gavit, and also uses Armenian as its language. Although it does not have an official Ilkhanid seal, it was still issued by a powerful and well-connected figure, Khuandze, wife of the atabeg Shahanshah II, and daughter of the Ilkhanid Sahib Divan.