Related Research Articles
Lalu Prasad Yadav is an Indian politician and president of the Rashtriya Janata Dal (RJD). He is a former Chief Minister of Bihar (1990-1997),a former Railway Minister of India (2004-2009),and a former Member of Parliament (MP) of the Lok Sabha.
The Communist Party of India (Marxist) (abbreviated as CPI(M)/CPIM/CPM) is a communist political party in India. It is the largest communist party in India in terms of membership and electoral seats,and one of the national parties of India. The party was founded through a splitting from CPI in 1964 and it quickly became the dominant fraction.
The National Democratic Alliance (NDA) is a centre-right to right-wing conservative Indian political alliance led by the right-wing Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP). It was founded in 1998 and currently controls the government of India as well as the government of 17 Indian states and one Union territory.
The Other Backward Class (OBC) is a collective term used by the Government of India to classify castes that are educationally or socially backward. It is one of several official classifications of the population of India,along with general castes,Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes (SCs and STs). The OBCs were found to comprise 52% of the country's population by the Mandal Commission report of 1980 and were determined to be 41% in 2006 when the National Sample Survey Organisation took place. There is substantial debate over the exact number of OBCs in India;it is generally estimated to be sizable,but many believe that it is higher than the figures quoted by either the Mandal Commission or the National Sample Survey.
Raja Bindheshwari Prasad Mandal was a scion of the erstwhile Murho Estate and an Indian politician who chaired the Mandal Commission. Mandal came from a rich Yadav Royal family from Madhepura in Northern Bihar. He served as the seventh Chief Minister of Bihar in 1968,but he resigned after 30 days. As a parliamentarian,he served as the chairman of the Second Backward Classes Commission,popularly known as the Mandal Commission. The commission's report mobilized a segment of the Indian population known as "Other Backward Classes" (OBCs) and initiated a fierce debate on policies related to underrepresented and underprivileged groups in Indian politics.
Nitish Kumar is an Indian politician,who is serving as 22nd Chief Minister of Bihar since 22 February 2015,having previously held the office from 2005 to 2014 and for a short period in 2000. He is Bihar's longest serving chief minister. He is the leader of the Janata Dal (United). Previously,Kumar also served as a Union Minister as the Samata Party member. He was member of the Samata Party until 2005 and Janata Dal from 1989 to 1994. Kumar first entered politics as a member of the Janata Dal,becoming an MLA in 1985. A socialist,Kumar founded the Samata Party in 1994 along with George Fernandes. In 1996 he was elected to the Lok Sabha,and served as a Union Minister in the government of Atal Bihari Vajpayee,with his party joining the National Democratic Alliance. In 2003 his party merged into the Janata Dal (United),and Kumar became its leader. In 2005,the NDA won a majority in the Bihar Legislative Assembly,and Kumar became chief minister heading a coalition with the Bharatiya Janata Party.
Reservation is a system of affirmative action in India created during the British rule. It provides historically disadvantaged groups representation in education,employment,government schemes,scholarships and politics. Based on provisions in the Indian Constitution,it allows the Union Government and the States and Territories of India to set reserved quotas or seats,at particular percentage in Education Admissions,Employments,Political Bodies,Promotions,etc,for "socially and educationally backward citizens."
Meira Kumar is an Indian politician and former diplomat. A member of the Indian National Congress,she was the Minister of Social Justice and Empowerment from 2004 to 2009,the Minister of Water Resources for a brief period in 2009. She served as the 15th Speaker of Lok Sabha from 2009 to 2014,being the first woman to hold the post. Kumar became just the second woman to be nominated for president of India by a major political block when she secured the United Progressive Alliance's nomination in 2017.
Afzal Ansari is an Indian politician of the Bahujan Samaj Party and a currently an incumbent SeniorMember of Parliament (MP) of India for Ghazipur constituency,Uttar Pradesh. He won the 2004 and 2019 Indian general election.
Satyendra Narayan Sinha was an Indian politician and statesman,participant in the Indian independence movement,a leading light of Jaya Prakash Narayan's ‘complete revolution’movement during the Emergency and a former Chief Minister of Bihar. Affectionately called Chhote Saheb,he was also a seven-time Member of Parliament from the Aurangabad constituency,a three-term Member of the Bihar Legislative Assembly,and a Member of the Bihar Legislative Council once. Regarded to be one of India's most influential regional people of the time,his reputation was synonymous with being a strict disciplinarian and tough taskmaster.
Ali Anwar Ansari is an Indian journalist,social activist and politician. He is the founder of Pasmanda Muslim Mahaz,concerned with fighting discrimination against lower-caste and Dalit Muslims.
Pasmanda Muslim Mahaz is an Indian Muslim activist organization based in Patna,Bihar. Founded in 1998,it represents the concerns of the "Pasanda" Muslims,a new identity that integrates the Dalit Muslims (Arzals) and backward-caste Muslims (Ajlafs). The organization represents the union of several Dalit and backward-caste Muslim organisations under the leadership of Ali Anwar,who is himself a backward-caste Muslim of the Ansari (weaver) caste.
Karpoori Thakur was an Indian politician from the Bihar state. He was popularly known as Jan Nayak. He served as the Chief Minister of Bihar from December 1970 to June 1971,and from December 1977 to April 1979.
Abdul Qaiyum Ansari was a participant in the freedom struggle of India. He was known for his commitment to national integration,secularism,and communal harmony. He was a leader who worked against the demand of the Muslim league for creation of a separate Muslim nation from India as an independent state. Mr. Ansari fought against Jinnah's two nation theory through All India Momin Conference of which he was the President.
Ram Sundar Das was an Indian politician and former Chief Minister of Bihar state. He was a two-time Member of Parliament from Hajipur constituency.
Choudhary Mehboob Ali Kaiser is an Indian politician and Member of Parliament from Khagaria Lok Sabha Constituency. He started his political career from Indian National Congress. He was Member of Legislative Assembly where he represented Simri-Bakhtiarpur constituency for three terms. He also served as Cabinet Minister in Bihar Government. After being denied ticket by Indian National Congress for General Elections in 2014,he joined Lok Janshakti Party days before 2014 general election and successfully contested from Khagaria constituency.
The Koeri,also referred to as Kushwaha and more recently self-described as Maurya in several parts of northern India are an Indian non-elite caste,found largely in Bihar and Uttar Pradesh,whose traditional occupation was agriculture. According to Arvind Narayan Das they were horticulturist rather than agriculturists. They are also recorded as performing the work of Mahajan in credit market of rural parts of Bihar and Bengal in 1880s. Koeris have attempted Sanskritisation—as part of social resurgence. During the British rule in India,Koeris were described as "agriculturalists" along with Kurmis and other cultivating castes. They are described as a dominant caste in various opinions.
The Legislative Assembly election was held over five-phases in Bihar through October–November 2015 before the end of the tenure of the prior Legislative Assembly of Bihar on 29 November 2015.
Swami Prasad Maurya is an Indian politician and was a member of the 17th Legislative Assembly of Uttar Pradesh of India. He represented the Padrauna constituency of Uttar Pradesh. He is a member of Samajwadi Party. Maurya has been a Member of the legislative assembly for five terms,has been a minister in the government of Uttar Pradesh,Leader of the house,and Leader of the opposition. He was serving as Cabinet Minister for Labour,Employment and Co-ordination in Yogi Adityanath ministry. Until 2021,he was a member of the Bharatiya Janata Party which he joined after a long stint with Bahujan Samaj Party.
References
- ↑ "Shakil Uzzama winner in Bihar, Bihar Assembly Elections 1985". LatestLY. Retrieved 31 December 2023.
- ↑ "Congress revamps party structure". Zee News. 18 July 2004. Retrieved 1 January 2024.
- ↑ "शकील अंसारी ने संभाला पदभार". Navbharat Times (in Hindi). Retrieved 31 December 2023.
- ↑ Chopra, Nora (10 December 2016). "Buzzword: OBC Muslim needed in U.P." The Sunday Guardian Live. Retrieved 31 December 2023.
- ↑ "Previous Commissions". National Commission for Backward Classes . Retrieved 31 December 2023.
- ↑ Gilani, Iftikhar (31 July 2016). "Backward Muslims demand tickets, jobs ahead ahead of UP polls". DNA India. Retrieved 1 January 2024.