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The prime minister of India is the head of government of the Republic of India. Executive authority is vested in the prime minister and their chosen Council of Ministers,despite the president of India being the nominal head of the executive. The prime minister is often the leader of the party or the coalition with a majority in the lower house of the Parliament of India,the Lok Sabha,which is the main legislative body in the Republic of India. The prime minister and their cabinet are at all times responsible to the Lok Sabha.
The Rajya Sabha,constitutionally the Council of States,is the upper house of the bicameral Parliament of India. As of 2022,it has a maximum membership of 245,of which 233 are elected by the legislatures of the states and union territories using single transferable votes through open ballots,while the president can appoint 12 members for their contributions to art,literature,science,and social services. The potential seating capacity of the Rajya Sabha is 245,according to article 80 of the Indian Constitution. Members sit for staggered terms lasting six years,with about a third of the 238 designates up for election every two years,in even-numbered years. Unlike the Lok Sabha,the Rajya Sabha is a continuing chamber and hence not subject to dissolution. However,the Rajya Sabha,like the Lok Sabha,can be prorogued by the president.
The Lok Sabha,constitutionally the House of the People,is the lower house of India's bicameral Parliament,with the upper house being the Rajya Sabha. Members of the Lok Sabha are elected by an adult universal suffrage and a first-past-the-post system to represent their respective constituencies,and they hold their seats for five years or until the body is dissolved by the President on the advice of the council of ministers. The house meets in the Lok Sabha Chambers of the Sansad Bhavan,New Delhi.
The Parliament of India is the supreme legislative body of the Republic of India. It is a bicameral legislature composed of the president of India and two houses:the Rajya Sabha and the Lok Sabha. The president in his role as head of the legislature has full powers to summon and prorogue either house of Parliament or to dissolve the Lok Sabha. The president can exercise these powers only upon the advice of the prime minister and his Union Council of Ministers.
The Government of India,known as the Union Government or Central Government but often simply as the Centre,is the national government of the Republic of India,a federal democracy located in South Asia,consisting of 28 union states and eight union territories. Under the Constitution,there are three primary branches of government:the legislative,the executive and the judiciary,whose powers are vested in a bicameral Parliament,President,aided by the Council of Ministers,and the Supreme Court respectively. Through judicial evolution,the Parliament has lost its sovereignty as its amendments to the Constitution are subject to judicial intervention. Judicial appointments in India are unique in that the executive or legislature have negligible say.
India has a parliamentary system as defined by its constitution,with power distributed between the central government and the states.
A Member of the Legislative Assembly (MLA) is a representative elected by the voters of an electoral district (constituency) to the legislature of State government in the Indian system of government. From each constituency,the people elect one representative who then becomes a member of the Legislative Assembly (MLA). Each state has between seven and nine MLAs for every Member of Parliament (MP) that it has in the Lok Sabha,the lower house of India's bicameral parliament. There are also members in three unicameral legislatures in Union Territories:the Delhi Legislative Assembly,Jammu and Kashmir Legislative Assembly and the Puducherry Legislative Assembly. Only a Member of the Legislative Assembly can work as a minister for more than 6 months. If a non-Member of the Legislative Assembly becomes a Chief Minister or a minister,he must become an MLA within 6 months to continue in the job. Only a Member of the Legislative Assembly can become a Speaker of the Legislature.
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Sushma Swaraj was an Indian lawyer,politician,and diplomat who served as the Minister of External Affairs of India in the first Narendra Modi government from 2014 to 2019. She is only the second person to complete the 5-year term as Minister of External Affairs after Jawaharlal Nehru. Being a senior leader of Bharatiya Janata Party,she was the second woman to hold the office,after Indira Gandhi. She was elected seven times as a Member of Parliament and three times as a Member of the Legislative Assembly. At the age of 25 in 1977,she became the youngest cabinet minister of the Indian state of Haryana. She also served as 5th Chief Minister of Delhi for a short duration in 1998 and became the first female Chief Minister of Delhi.
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Between 1952 and 2020,two seats were reserved in the Lok Sabha,the lower house of the Parliament of India,for members of the Anglo-Indian community. These two members were nominated by the President of India on the advice of the Government of India. In January 2020,the Anglo-Indian reserved seats in the Parliament and State Legislatures of India were discontinued by the 126th Constitutional Amendment Bill of 2019,when enacted as the 104th Constitutional Amendment Act,2019.
Valmiki Choudhary was an Indian politician. He was elected to the Lok Sabha,the lower house of the Parliament of India from the Hajipur in Bihar as a member of the Indian National Congress.
Rudrasen Chaudhary is an Indian politician. He was elected to the Lok Sabha,the lower house of the Parliament of India as a member of the Bharatiya Janata Party.
Ram Pyare Panika is an Indian politician. He was elected to the Lok Sabha the lower house of Indian Parliament from Robertsganj in Uttar Pradesh as a member of the Indian National Congress.
Mohan Nayak was an Indian politician. He was elected to the Lok Sabha,the lower house of the Parliament of India as a member of the Indian National Congress.
References
- ↑ "Lok Sabha Debates". Indian Kanoon. Retrieved 25 April 2020.
- ↑ The Times of India Directory and Year Book Including Who's who. 1976. p. 821. Retrieved 25 April 2020.
- ↑ Parliament of India, the Fourteenth Lok Sabha, 2004-2009: A Study. Lok Sabha Secretariat. 2010. p. 148. Retrieved 25 April 2020.