Related Research Articles
Guan Yu, courtesy name Yunchang, was a Chinese military general serving under the warlord Liu Bei during the late Eastern Han dynasty of China. Along with Zhang Fei, he shared a brotherly relationship with Liu Bei and accompanied him on most of his early exploits. Guan Yu played a significant role in the events leading up to the end of the Han dynasty and the establishment of Liu Bei's state of Shu Han during the Three Kingdoms period. While he is remembered for his loyalty towards Liu Bei, he is also known for repaying Cao Cao's kindness by slaying Yan Liang, a general under Cao Cao's rival Yuan Shao, at the Battle of Boma. After Liu Bei gained control of Yi Province in 214, Guan Yu remained in Jing Province to govern and defend the area for about seven years. In 219, while he was away fighting Cao Cao's forces at the Battle of Fancheng, Liu Bei's ally Sun Quan broke the Sun–Liu alliance and sent his general Lü Meng to conquer Liu Bei's territories in Jing Province. By the time Guan Yu learned about the loss of Jing Province after his defeat at Fancheng, it was too late. He was subsequently captured in an ambush by Sun Quan's forces and executed at Linju, Xiangyang Commandery.
The Battle of Xiaoting (猇亭之戰), also known as the Battle of Yiling and the Battle of Yiling and Xiaoting, was fought between the state of Shu and the state of Wu, between the years 221 and 222 in the early Three Kingdoms period of China. The battle is significant because Wu was able to turn the situation from a series of initial losses into a defensive stalemate, before proceeding to win a decisive victory over Shu. The Wu victory halted the Shu invasion and preceded the death of Liu Bei, Shu's founding emperor.
Liu Bei, courtesy name Xuande (玄德), was a Chinese warlord in the late Eastern Han dynasty who later became the founding emperor of Shu Han, one of the Three Kingdoms of China.
Zhang Fei, courtesy name Yide (益德), was a Chinese military general and politician serving under the warlord Liu Bei in the late Eastern Han dynasty and early Three Kingdoms period of China. Zhang Fei and Guan Yu, who were among the earliest to join Liu Bei, shared a brotherly relationship with their lord and accompanied him on most of his early exploits. Zhang Fei fought in various battles on Liu Bei's side, including the Red Cliffs campaign (208–209), takeover of Yi Province (212–214), and Hanzhong Campaign (217–218). He was assassinated by his subordinates in 221 after serving for only a few months in the state of Shu Han, which was founded by Liu Bei earlier that year.
Huang Zhong, courtesy name Hansheng, was a Chinese military general serving under the warlord Liu Bei during the late Eastern Han dynasty of China. He is best known for his victory at the Battle of Mount Dingjun in 219, in which his force routed that of an enemy general, Xiahou Yuan, who was killed in action during the raid.
Li Yan, courtesy name Zhengfang, also known as Li Ping, was a military general of the state of Shu Han during the Three Kingdoms period of China. He climbed to the zenith of his career when he was asked by the Shu emperor Liu Bei to be the military paramountcy and co-regent alongside Zhuge Liang for his son and successor, Liu Shan. After the death of Liu Bei, Li Yan was given the rank of General of the Vanguard which was last held by Guan Yu back in 220. Li served most of his career in the mid and late 220s as the area commander for the Eastern Front centered in Yong An with Chen Dao as his deputy; he never faced any major battles in his position. However, during the 230s and the 4th of Zhuge Liang's Northern Expeditions, Li Yan was given a higher rank of General of the Agile Cavalry, below only Zhuge Liang. He was assigned to handle logistics, but he was unable to deliver supplies to Zhuge Liang's army in a timely manner. After his attempt to fraudulently cover his inability to follow commands, Li Yan was stripped from positions and power.
Zhang Yi, courtesy name Junsi, was an official of the state of Shu Han in the Three Kingdoms period of China.
Lady Gan was a concubine of Liu Bei, the founding emperor of the state of Shu Han in the Three Kingdoms period of China and Liu Shan's mother. She was later posthumously honoured as Lady Huangsi which means "the Lady whom the Emperor misses" by Liu Bei. Then after his death, she was named Empress Zhaolie by her son to match his father's posthumous title. In the Gazette of Kuizhou Prefecture (夔州府志) compiled in 1513, her name is given as Gan Mei (甘梅), though the compiler deems the name fictitious.
Empress Wu, personal name Wu Xian, formally known as Empress Mu, was an empress of the state of Shu Han during the Three Kingdoms period. She was the last wife and the only empress of Liu Bei, the founding emperor of Shu Han, and a younger sister of Wu Yi.
Huang Quan, courtesy name Gongheng, was a Chinese military general and politician of the state of Cao Wei during the Three Kingdoms period of China. He previously served under the warlords Liu Zhang and Liu Bei during the late Eastern Han dynasty and in the state of Shu Han during the early Three Kingdoms period before defecting to Cao Wei. Liu Bei relied heavily on Huang Quan for counsel in both domestic and foreign policy. Under the Wei government, however, Huang Quan was restricted to only internal affairs because even though the Wei emperor Cao Pi appreciated him for his talent, he doubted Huang Quan's allegiance and believed he was still secretly loyal to Liu Bei.
Li Hui, courtesy name De'ang, was a Chinese military general and politician of the state of Shu Han during the Three Kingdoms period of China. After refusing Liu Zhang's service, Li joined Liu Bei early in his campaign to pacify Yi province. After Liu Bei's death, Li Hui proved his talents during Zhuge Liang's Southern Campaign and was appointed the area commander in the south. He set the standard for his successors, such as Ma Zhong, for sound governance. After Shu-Han's co-regent Li Yan was removed from office, Li Hui was promoted again and sent to Hanzhong to assist in the Northern Expeditions but died a year later.
Fei Shi, courtesy name Gongju, was an official of the state of Shu Han during the Three Kingdoms period of China.
Ma Zhong, courtesy name Dexin, originally named Hu Du, was a Chinese military general and politician of the state of Shu Han during the Three Kingdoms period of China. After Liu Bei's death, he served under Zhuge Liang during the Southern Campaign and helped to quell the rebellion. He was appointed as the area commander in the south after Li Hui's death where he spends most of his life pacifying the region, often with the help of Zhang Ni. Ma Zhong was known as generous and whimsical but also decisive in handling affairs. Hence the southern tribes both feared and respected him. His duty in the south could be comparable to Wang Ping in the north and Deng Zhi in the east. After his death, the foreigners sorely missed him and later established a temple in his honor.
This article contains the family trees of members of the Sun clan, who ruled the state of Eastern Wu (229–280), in the Three Kingdoms period (220–280), in China.
This article contains the family trees of members of the Cao clan, who ruled the state of Cao Wei in the Three Kingdoms period (220–280) in China. Only Cao Cao's lineage is shown in this article. The lineages of his relatives, such as Cao Ren, Cao Zhen and others, are not included here.
Sima Yi (179–251) was a general, politician and regent of the state of Cao Wei (220–266) in the Three Kingdoms period (220–280) in China. Two of his sons, Sima Shi (208–255) and Sima Zhao (211–265), rose to power in the 250s and consecutively served as regents throughout the reigns of the last three Wei emperors. After Sima Zhao died in September 265, his son Sima Yan (236–290) forced the last Wei ruler, Cao Huan (246–303), to abdicate the throne in his favour in February 266, ending the Wei regime and establishing the Jin dynasty (266–420). This article contains the family trees of Sima Yi, his brothers, and their descendants up to Sima Yan's generation. For more details on the family trees of the Jin emperors, see Chinese emperors family tree (early)#Jin Dynasty and Chu.
Liu Yong (fl.221-264), courtesy name Gongshou, was an imperial prince of the state of Shu Han in the Three Kingdoms period of China. He was a son of Liu Bei, the founding emperor of Shu Han, and a younger half-brother of Liu Shan, the second Shu Han emperor.
Liu Li, courtesy name Fengxiao, was an imperial prince of the state of Shu Han in the Three Kingdoms period of China. He was a son of Liu Bei, the founding emperor of Shu, and a younger half-brother of Liu Shan, the second Shu emperor.
Du Qiong, courtesy name Boyu, was an official, astronomer and diviner of the state of Shu Han in the Three Kingdoms period of China.
Li Miao, courtesy name Hannan, was an official of the state of Shu Han during the Three Kingdoms period of China. He previously served under the warlord Liu Zhang and later Liu Bei in the late Eastern Han dynasty.
References
- ↑ (先主姓劉，諱備，字玄德，涿郡涿縣人，漢景帝子中山靖王勝之後也。勝子貞，元狩六年封涿縣陸城亭侯。坐酎金失侯，因家焉。) Sanguozhi vol. 32.
- ↑ (典略曰：備本臨邑侯枝屬也。) Dianlue annotation in Sanguozhi vol. 32.
- ↑ (世祖光武皇帝諱秀，字文叔，南陽蔡陽人，高祖九世之孫也，出自景帝生長沙定王發。發生舂陵節侯買，買生鬱林太守外，外生鉅鹿都尉回，回生南頓令欽，欽生光武。) Houhanshu vol. 1.
- ↑ (齊武王縯字伯升，光武之長兄也。 ... 有二子。建武二年，立長子章為太原王，興為魯王。) Houhanshu vol. 14.
- ↑ (北海靖王興，建武二年封為魯王，嗣光武兄仲。 ... 三十年，封興子復為臨邑侯。 ... 復子騊駼及從兄平望侯毅，並有才學。) Houhanshu vol. 14.
- ↑ (常山憲王舜以孝景中五年立。舜，帝少子，驕淫，數犯禁，上常寬之。三十三年薨，子勃嗣為王。 ... 勃王數月，廢，國除。 ... 其封憲王子平三萬戶，為真定王； ... 子烈王偃嗣，十八年薨。子孝王由嗣，二十二年薨。子安王雍嗣，二十六年薨。子共王普嗣，十五年薨。子陽嗣，王莽時絕。) Han Shu vol. 53.
- ↑ (時真定王劉揚復造作讖記云：「赤九之後，癭揚為主。」 ... 時揚弟臨邑侯讓及從兄細各擁兵萬餘人， ...) Houhanshu vol. 21.
- ↑ (先主祖雄，父弘， ...) Sanguozhi vol. 32.
- ↑ (叔父子敬謂曰：「汝勿妄語，滅吾門也！」) Sanguozhi vol. 32.
- ↑ (先主轉軍廣陵海西，笁於是進妹於先主為夫人， ...) Sanguozhi vol. 38.
- ↑ (權稍畏之，進妹固好。) Sanguozhi vol. 32.
- ↑ (先主穆皇后，陳留人也。兄吳壹， ... 焉時將子瑁自隨，遂為瑁納后。瑁死，后寡居。先主旣定益州，而孫夫人還吳，羣下勸先主聘后， ... 於是納后為夫人。) Sanguozhi vol. 34.
- ↑ (先主甘皇后， ... 隨先主於荊州，產後主。) Sanguozhi vol. 34.
- ↑ (後主諱禪，字公嗣，先主子也。) Sanguozhi vol. 33.
- ↑ (劉永字公壽，先主子，後主庶弟也。) Sanguozhi vol. 34.
- ↑ (劉理字奉孝，亦後主庶弟也，與永異母。) Sanguozhi vol. 34.
- ↑ (從征荊州，追劉備於長坂，獲其二女輜重，收其散卒。) Sanguozhi vol. 9.
- ↑ (劉封者，本羅侯寇氏之子，長沙劉氏之甥也。先主至荊州，以未有繼嗣，養封為子。) Sanguozhi vol. 40.
- ↑ (子哀王胤嗣，十九年卒。子殤王承嗣，二十年卒。 ... 輯，理子也， ...) Sanguozhi vol. 34.
- 1 2 (孫盛蜀世譜曰：璿弟，瑤、琮、瓚、諶、恂、璩六人。蜀敗，諶自殺，餘皆內徙。值永嘉大亂，子孫絕滅。唯永孫玄奔蜀，李雄偽署安樂公以嗣禪後。永和三年討李勢，盛參戎行，見玄於成都也。) Shu Shipu annotation in Sanguozhi vol. 34.
- ↑ (漢晉春秋曰：魏以蜀宮人賜諸將之無妻者，李昭儀曰：「我不能二三屈辱。」乃自殺。) Han Jin Chunqiu annotation in Sanguozhi vol. 34.
- ↑ (後主敬哀皇后，車騎將軍張飛長女也。) Sanguozhi vol. 34.
- ↑ (後主張皇后，前后敬哀之妹也。) Sanguozhi vol. 34.
- ↑ (後主太子璿，字文衡。母王貴人，本敬哀張皇后侍人也。) Sanguozhi vol. 34.
- ↑ ([延熈元年春正月， ... 立子璿為太子，子瑤為安定王。] ... [十五年， ... 立子琮為西河王。] ... [十九年春， ... 秋八月， ... 是歲，立子瓚為新平王。] ... [二年夏六月，立子諶為北地王，恂為新興王，虔為上黨王。]) Sanguozhi vol. 33.
- Ban, Biao; Ban, Gu; Ban, Zhao. Book of Han (Han Shu).
- Chen, Shou. Records of the Three Kingdoms (Sanguozhi).
- Fan, Ye. Book of the Later Han (Houhanshu).
- Pei, Songzhi. Annotations to Records of the Three Kingdoms (Sanguozhi zhu).