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A skald, or skáld is one of the often named poets who composed skaldic poetry, one of the two kinds of Old Norse poetry in alliterative verse, the other being Eddic poetry. Skaldic poems were traditionally composed to honor kings, but were sometimes ex tempore. They include both extended works and single verses (lausavísur). They are characteristically more ornate in form and diction than eddic poems, employing many kennings, which require some knowledge of Norse mythology, and heiti, which are formal nouns used in place of more prosaic synonyms. Dróttkvætt metre is a type of skaldic verse form that most often use internal rhyme and alliteration.
Sagas are prose stories and histories, composed in Iceland and to a lesser extent elsewhere in Scandinavia.
Þórsdrápa is a skaldic poem by Eilífr Goðrúnarson, a poet in the service of Jarl Hákon Sigurðarson. The poem is noted for its creative use of kennings and other metaphorical devices, as well as its labyrinthine complexity.
A mansǫngr is a form of Norse poetry. In scholarly usage the term has often been applied to medieval skaldic love-poetry; and it is used of lyric openings to rímur throughout the Icelandic literary tradition.
Bragi Boddason, known as Bragi the Old was a Norwegian skald active in the first half of the 9th century, the earliest known skald from whom verses have survived. Portions of his Ragnarsdrápa are preserved in Snorri Sturluson's Edda.
Knýtlinga saga is an Icelandic kings' saga written in the 1250s, which deals with the kings who ruled Denmark from the early 10th century to the time when the book was written.
In Nordic mythology, Blóðughófi is the horse of Freyr and is attested in several þulur of horses.
Þórarinn loftunga was an Icelandic skald active during the first half of the 11th century.
Hákonar saga Hákonarsonar or Hákonar saga gamla is an Old Norse Kings' Saga, telling the story of the life and reign of King Haakon Haakonarson of Norway.
Sonatorrek is a skaldic poem in 25 stanzas, that appears in Egil's Saga, an Icelandic saga focusing on the life of skald and viking, Egill Skallagrímsson. The work laments the death of two of the poet's sons, Gunnar, who died of a fever, and Böðvarr, who drowned during a storm. In the assessment of Margaret Clunies Ross, Sonatorrek "has probably received, from the second half of the nineteenth century onwards, the greatest literary approbation accorded to any single skaldic poem". According to the saga, after Egill placed Böðvarr in the family burial mound, he locked himself in his bed-chamber, determined to starve himself to death. Egill’s daughter, Thorgerdr, diverted him from this plan in part by convincing him to compose a memorial poem for Böðvarr, to be carved on a rune-staff.
Halldórr skvaldri was an Icelandic skald who lived in the first half of the twelfth century.
Óláfsdrápa sænska ‘Drápa about Óláfr the Swede’ was a skaldic poem composed by Óttarr svarti in honour of the Swedish king Olof Skötkonung.
Haralds saga Sigurðarsonar is an Old Icelandic king's saga focusing on the career of King Haraldr Sigurðarson of Norway.
The Separate Saga of St. Olaf(Óláfs sögu ins Helga inni sérstöku) is one of the kings' sagas. It was written about King Olaf II of Norway, later Saint Olaf, patron saint of Norway.
Gunnr is one of the named Valkyries in Norse mythology, specifically referenced in the Völuspá, Helgakviða Hundingsbana II, and the Prose Edda. Her name is an Old Norse term that translates to "battle". The Valkyries Gunnr, Rota, and the young norn Skuld were said to decide the outcome of battles, and, at its conclusion, would ride out to take the slain.
Margaret Beryl Clunies Ross is a medievalist who was until her retirement in 2009 the McCaughey Professor of English Language and Early English Literature and Director of the Centre for Medieval Studies at the University of Sydney. Her main research areas are Old Norse-Icelandic Studies and the history of their study. Since 1997 she has led the project of editing a new edition of the corpus of skaldic poetry. She has also written articles on Australian Aboriginal rituals and contributed to the Oxford Dictionary of National Biography.
References
- ↑ Wills, Tarrin (2017-07-27). "Skaldic Project - Cross-Platform Interface". Skaldic Poetry of the Scandinavian Middle Ages. Archived from the original on 17 December 2019.
- ↑ Wills, Tarrin (2018-08-17). "Skaldic Project: Statistics". Skaldic Poetry of the Scandinavian Middle Ages. Archived from the original on 5 December 2019.
- ↑ Wills, Tarrin (19 July 2017). "Skaldic Project - volumes". Skaldic Poetry of the Scandinavian Middle Ages. Archived from the original on 20 October 2021.
- ↑ Liberman, Anatoly (2009). "Review of Poetry on Christian Subjects. Skaldic Poetry of the Scandinavian Middle Ages, vol. 7. Part 1: The Twelfth and Thirteenth Centuries. Part 2: The Fourteenth Century". The Journal of English and Germanic Philology. 108 (4): 550–554. doi:10.1353/egp.0.0083. ISSN 0363-6941. JSTOR 20722782. S2CID 161996121.