Related Research Articles
An intelligent transportation system (ITS) is an advanced application which aims to provide innovative services relating to different modes of transport and traffic management and enable users to be better informed and make safer, more coordinated, and 'smarter' use of transport networks.
Telematics is an interdisciplinary field encompassing telecommunications, vehicular technologies, electrical engineering, and computer science. Telematics can involve any of the following:
A cognitive radio (CR) is a radio that can be programmed and configured dynamically to use the best wireless channels in its vicinity to avoid user interference and congestion. Such a radio automatically detects available channels in wireless spectrum, then accordingly changes its transmission or reception parameters to allow more concurrent wireless communications in a given spectrum band at one location. This process is a form of dynamic spectrum management.
Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) refer to networks of spatially dispersed and dedicated sensors that monitor and record the physical conditions of the environment and forward the collected data to a central location. WSNs can measure environmental conditions such as temperature, sound, pollution levels, humidity and wind.
A home network or home area network (HAN) is a type of computer network that facilitates communication among devices within the close vicinity of a home. Devices capable of participating in this network, for example, smart devices such as network printers and handheld mobile computers, often gain enhanced emergent capabilities through their ability to interact. These additional capabilities can be used to increase the quality of life inside the home in a variety of ways, such as automation of repetitive tasks, increased personal productivity, enhanced home security, and easier access to entertainment.
Machine to machine (M2M) is direct communication between devices using any communications channel, including wired and wireless. Machine to machine communication can include industrial instrumentation, enabling a sensor or meter to communicate the information it records to application software that can use it. Such communication was originally accomplished by having a remote network of machines relay information back to a central hub for analysis, which would then be rerouted into a system like a personal computer.
Spectrum management is the process of regulating the use of radio frequencies to promote efficient use and gain a net social benefit. The term radio spectrum typically refers to the full frequency range from 1 Hz to 3000 GHz that may be used for wireless communication. Increasing demand for services such as mobile telephones and many others has required changes in the philosophy of spectrum management. Demand for wireless broadband has soared due to technological innovation, such as 3G and 4G mobile services, and the rapid expansion of wireless internet services.
Vehicular ad hoc networks (VANETs) are created by applying the principles of mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs) – the spontaneous creation of a wireless network of mobile devices – to the domain of vehicles. VANETs were first mentioned and introduced in 2001 under "car-to-car ad-hoc mobile communication and networking" applications, where networks can be formed and information can be relayed among cars. It was shown that vehicle-to-vehicle and vehicle-to-roadside communications architectures will co-exist in VANETs to provide road safety, navigation, and other roadside services. VANETs are a key part of the intelligent transportation systems (ITS) framework. Sometimes, VANETs are referred as Intelligent Transportation Networks. They are understood as having evolved into a broader "Internet of vehicles". which itself is expected to ultimately evolve into an "Internet of autonomous vehicles".
Radio resource management (RRM) is the system level management of co-channel interference, radio resources, and other radio transmission characteristics in wireless communication systems, for example cellular networks, wireless local area networks, wireless sensor systems, and radio broadcasting networks. RRM involves strategies and algorithms for controlling parameters such as transmit power, user allocation, beamforming, data rates, handover criteria, modulation scheme, error coding scheme, etc. The objective is to utilize the limited radio-frequency spectrum resources and radio network infrastructure as efficiently as possible.
The Internet of things (IoT) describes physical objects with sensors, processing ability, software and other technologies that connect and exchange data with other devices and systems over the Internet or other communications networks. Internet of things has been considered a misnomer because devices do not need to be connected to the public internet, they only need to be connected to a network and be individually addressable.
A smart grid is an electrical grid which includes a variety of operation and energy measures including:
LDMOS is a planar double-diffused MOSFET used in amplifiers, including microwave power amplifiers, RF power amplifiers and audio power amplifiers. These transistors are often fabricated on p/p+ silicon epitaxial layers. The fabrication of LDMOS devices mostly involves various ion-implantation and subsequent annealing cycles. As an example, the drift region of this power MOSFET is fabricated using up to three ion implantation sequences in order to achieve the appropriate doping profile needed to withstand high electric fields.
A connected car is a car that can communicate bidirectionally with other systems outside of the car (LAN). This allows the car to share internet access, and hence data, with other devices both inside and outside the vehicle. For safety-critical applications, it is anticipated that cars will also be connected using dedicated short-range communications (DSRC) or cellular radios, operating in the FCC-granted 5.9 GHz band with very low latency.
User-in-the-Loop (UIL) refers to the notion that a technology can improve a performance objective by engaging its human users. The idea can be applied in various technological fields. UIL assumes that human users of a network are among the smartest but also most unpredictable units of that network. Furthermore, human users often have a certain set of (input) values that they sense. Both elements of smart decision-making and observed values can help towards improving the bigger objective.
Vehicle-to-everything (V2X) is communication between a vehicle and any entity that may affect, or may be affected by, the vehicle. It is a vehicular communication system that incorporates other more specific types of communication as V2I (vehicle-to-infrastructure), V2N (vehicle-to-network), V2V (vehicle-to-vehicle), V2P (vehicle-to-pedestrian), V2D (vehicle-to-device).
Sound recognition is a technology, which is based on both traditional pattern recognition theories and audio signal analysis methods. Sound recognition technologies contain preliminary data processing, feature extraction and classification algorithms. Sound recognition can classify feature vectors. Feature vectors are created as a result of preliminary data processing and linear predictive coding.
Vehicular-to-Everything (V2X) communication is important in enabling safe, dependable, and efficient transportation services, which can be implied in both the near- and long-term and can meet the requirements of today and tomorrow. Cellular V2X (C-V2X) is the technology developed within the 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) and designed to operate in vehicle-to-vehicle and vehicle-to-network modes. It is an upcoming prominent technology that can achieve the V2X requirements and plan, most systematically, the way to connected and automated driving. Vehicle-to-everything (V2X) communication is important in generating real-time and highly reliable information for implementing safe, efficient, and environmentally-conscious transportation services and laying the groundwork for connected and automated driving (CAD). Cellular Vehicle-to-everything (C-V2X) has vast potential to deliver fair transfiguring benefits in enhancing vehicular traffic management worldwide. It helps ease problems like traffic congestion, increased fuel consumption, road safety, and minimized road capacity. It presents the substructure for vehicles to commune with each other and everything around them, providing all-around non-line-of-sight awareness and a higher level of predictability for better road safety and autonomous driving.
RF CMOS is a metal–oxide–semiconductor (MOS) integrated circuit (IC) technology that integrates radio-frequency (RF), analog and digital electronics on a mixed-signal CMOS RF circuit chip. It is widely used in modern wireless telecommunications, such as cellular networks, Bluetooth, Wi-Fi, GPS receivers, broadcasting, vehicular communication systems, and the radio transceivers in all modern mobile phones and wireless networking devices. RF CMOS technology was pioneered by Pakistani engineer Asad Ali Abidi at UCLA during the late 1980s to early 1990s, and helped bring about the wireless revolution with the introduction of digital signal processing in wireless communications. The development and design of RF CMOS devices was enabled by van der Ziel's FET RF noise model, which was published in the early 1960s and remained largely forgotten until the 1990s.
K. J. Ray Liu is an American scientist, engineer, educator, and entrepreneur. He is the founder and chief executive officer of Origin Wireless, Inc., which pioneers artificial intelligence analytics for wireless sensing and indoor tracking. Liu serves as the 2022 Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) president and CEO with the "Make IEEE Your Professional Home" motto for his IEEE presidency.
References
- ↑ "SafeSwim: Overhead vision to help people see better", IEEE Argencon, 2020 December 2020
- ↑ [Smart Beach Project, https://www.nuclearinnovationinstitute.ca/post/safer-beaches-save-lives-innovation-at-work-in-bruce-county]
- ↑ [Smart Beaches, https://www.lakemac.com.au/Projects/Smart-Beaches]
- ↑ Alam, Muhammad, et al. "Smart cameras are making our beaches safer: A 5G-envisioned distributed architecture for safe, connected coastal areas." IEEE Vehicular Technology Magazine 12.4 (2017): 50-59.
- ↑ Girau, Roberto, et al. "Be Right Beach: A Social IoT system for sustainable tourism based on beach overcrowding avoidance." 2018 IEEE International Conference on Internet of Things (iThings) and IEEE Green Computing and Communications (GreenCom) and IEEE Cyber, Physical and Social Computing (CPSCom) and IEEE Smart Data (SmartData). IEEE, 2018.
- ↑ Nazerdeylami, Arezoo, Babak Majidi, and Ali Movaghar. "Smart coastline environment management using deep detection of manmade pollution and hazards." 2019 5th Conference on Knowledge Based Engineering and Innovation (KBEI). IEEE, 2019.
- ↑ "Crowd prevention system uses smart pole to create safer beaches".
- ↑ The first automated beach, www-smartbeach-it
- ↑ [Smart beaches: technology-driven advantages for users, https://www.idrica.com/blog/smart-beaches-technology-driven-advantages-for-users/]
- ↑ [Can AI make beaches safer, https://www.cnn.com/travel/article/ai-lifeguards-smart-beaches-spc-intl/index.html
- ↑ Silva-Cavalcanti, Jacqueline S., Monica F. Costa, and Pedro S. Pereira. "Rip currents signaling and users behaviour at an overcrowded urban beach." Ocean & Coastal Management 155 (2018): 90-97.