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Edward George Earle Lytton Bulwer-Lytton, 1st Baron Lytton, PC was an English writer and politician. He served as a Whig member of Parliament from 1831 to 1841 and a Conservative from 1851 to 1866. He was Secretary of State for the Colonies from June 1858 to June 1859, choosing Richard Clement Moody as founder of British Columbia. He declined the Crown of Greece in 1862 after King Otto abdicated. He was created Baron Lytton of Knebworth in 1866.
Díaz is a common surname of Spanish origin with multiple meanings in multiple languages. First found in Kingdom of Castile, where the name originated in the Visigoth period, the name accounts for about 0.17% of the Spanish population, ranking as the 14th-most frequently found surname in both 1999 and 2004 compared to the most popular Spanish surname of those years.
Clan MacNeil, also known in Scotland as Clan Niall, is a highland Scottish clan of Irish origin. According to their early genealogies and some sources they're descended from Eógan mac Néill and Niall of the Nine Hostages. The clan is particularly associated with the Outer Hebridean island of Barra. The early history of Clan MacNeil is obscure, however despite this the clan claims to descend from the legendary Irish King Niall of the Nine Hostages, who is counted as the 1st Clan Chief, the current Clan Chief being the 47th. The clan itself takes its name from a Niall who lived in the 13th or early 14th century, and who belonged to the same dynastic family of Cowal and Knapdale as the ancestors of the Lamonts, MacEwens of Otter, Maclachlans, and the MacSweens. While the clan is centred in Barra in the Outer Hebrides, there is a branch of the clan in Argyll (McNeill/MacNeill) that some historians have speculated was more senior in line, or possibly even unrelated. However, according to Scots law the current chief of Clan MacNeil is the chief of all MacNeil(l)s.
Dąbrowski or Dabrowski is the 11th most common surname in Poland ; this is down from an apparent rank of 4th in 1990. Dąbrowski is a habitational name derived from the placename 'Dąbrowa' or 'Dąbrówka', which is used for several specific places in Poland or generically as "oak grove", the English meaning for these Polish words. Variants of the surname include Dombrowski, Dobrowski, and Dobrosky. Dobrowski also has an independent origin as a habitational name derived from the placename 'Dobrów'. The text-figure below summarizes the relationships among these various words. In other Slavic countries, the same surname takes the form Dubrovsky, as the Polish "ą" corresponds to "u" in most other Slavic languages.
Smith is an occupational surname originating in England, Scotland, and Ireland. It is the most prevalent surname in the United Kingdom, the United States, Australia, Canada, and New Zealand, and the fifth most common surname in the Republic of Ireland. The surname Smith is particularly prevalent among those of English, Scottish, and Irish descent, but is also a common surname among African-Americans, which can be attributed either to African slaves having been given the surname of their masters, or to being an occupational name, as some southern African-Americans took this surname to reflect their or their father's trade. 2,442,977 Americans shared the surname Smith at the time of the 2010 census, and more than 500,000 people shared it in the United Kingdom as of 2006. At the turn of the 20th century, the surname was sufficiently prevalent in England to have prompted the statement: "Common to every village in England, north, south, east, and west"; and sufficiently common on the (European) continent to be "common in most countries of Europe".
Chang is the pinyin romanization of the Chinese surname 常 (Cháng). It was listed 80th among the Song-era Hundred Family Surnames.
Fowler is an English and/or Scots surname. Its origin is the Old English fugelere, an occupational name for a bird-catcher or hunter of wild birds. Old English fugel or fugol means "bird" and has evolved into the modern word fowl.
Hayes is an English language surname. In the United States Census, 1990, Hayes was the 100th most common surname recorded. The oldest record of the surname dates to 1197 in the Eynsham Cartulary of Oxfordshire, where it appears in the form Heise. There are nineteen coats of arms assumed by or granted to individuals with this or a similar surname. Though primarily a surname, "Hayes" sometimes appears as a given name in census records.
Daniel is a masculine given name and a surname of Hebrew origin. It means "God is my judge", and derives from two early biblical figures, primary among them Daniel from the Book of Daniel. It is a common given name for males, and is also used as a surname. It is also the basis for various derived given names and surnames.
Smits is a Dutch surname that is considered a variant of the more common Smit surname. The name is an old plural of Smid (blacksmith), though the plural in modern Dutch would be Smeden.
McCawley and MacCawley are surnames in the English language. The names are Anglicisations of several Gaelic-language surnames. There are several etymological origins for the names: all of which originated as patronyms in several Gaelic languages—Irish and Scottish Gaelic. Although the English-language surnames are ultimately derived from Gaelic patronyms, the English-language surnames, and the modern Gaelic-language forms do not refer to the actual name of the bearer's father or grandfather. The surnames are not very common.
Ou is the pinyin romanization of the Chinese surnames 區 and 歐, which share a common origin with the compound surname Ouyang (歐陽), from the ruling family of the State of Yue during the Spring and Autumn period. They are commonly romanized as Au or Ao in Cantonese.
Jones is a surname of English and Welsh origin meaning "son of John". The surname is common in Wales. It evolved into variations of traditionally Welsh names: Ieuan, Iowan, Ioan, Iwan, or even Siôn. The sound generated from ‘Si-’ in Siôn is a Welsh approximation of the English ‘J’ sound that doesn’t exist natively to the language, equivalent to the English ‘Sh’ such as in “shed.”
Smit is a Dutch occupational surname. It represents an archaic spelling of the Dutch word "smid" for "smith" and is the Dutch equivalent of the English surname Smith.
Reed may be either a surname or given name.
'Kadiyala' is the surname of those belonging to the Kamma caste. People belonging to the Kadiyala group are mostly from East Godavari district, West Godavari district, Chittoor district, the areas of Mustabad, Katuru, and Gudivada in the Krishna district and Guntur district of Andhra Pradesh. The surname "Kadiyala" is identified by the "Indian Bureau of Census" as a surname with more than 43,000 occurrences in India alone. It also ranks among the most common surnames within Andhra Pradesh.
McQueen, Mcqueen, and MacQueen, Macqueen are English-language surnames derived from Scottish Gaelic. There have been several differing etymologies given for the surnames; as well as several differing ways to represent the surname in modern Scottish Gaelic. The surnames are not among the most common surnames in the United Kingdom, Australia, nor the United States.
The surname Whiting is of Saxon origin meaning 'the white or fair offspring'. The Saxon suffix "-ing" denotes 'son of' or 'offspring'. It is a patronymic name from the Old English pre-7th Century 'Hwita' meaning 'the white' or 'fair one'. The surname first appears in documentation from the late 11th Century and has a number of variant forms ranging from 'Whiteing', and 'Whitting' to 'Witting'. However, the name was first found in Devon where it was seated both before and after the Norman Conquest.
Jack has been used as a surname, primarily deriving from the Middle English and Older Scottish personal names such as Jak, Jagge and Jakke, in turn derived from pet forms of John, but perhaps in some cases Jack arose in Middle English from the Old French personal name Jacque(s).
References
- Lytton, Edward Bulwer (1842). Zanoni (PDF (Google Books)). Vol. 1. New York: Harper & Brothers. p. 94. Retrieved 2008-03-21.
- Longley, Paul; Alex Singleton; Richard Webber; Daryl Lloyd. "SMITHE". SPLINT Project, University College London . The National Trust . Retrieved 2008-03-22.
{{cite web}}: External link in|work= - Lower, Mark Antony (1860) [1860]. Patronymica Britannica: A Dictionary of Family Names of the United Kingdom (PDF (Internet Archive)). London: John Russell Smith. pp. 320 . Retrieved 2008-03-22.
- US Census Bureau staff (2000-09-07). "Search names from 1990 Census". United States Census Bureau. Archived from the original (Database search result) on 1997-02-07. Retrieved 2008-03-22.
NAME (last):SMITHE ; %FREQ:0.000% ; CUMM FREQ:89.453% ; RANK:78,005 (reformatted quote)
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