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Selina Solomons (1862–1942) was a California suffragist active in the 1911 campaign which resulted in the passage of Proposition 4. Solomons wrote a first hand account of the movement titled, "How We Won the Vote in California".
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Women's suffrage in Iowa efforts began early in Iowa's history. During the territory's Constitutional Convention, discussions on both African American and women's suffrage took place. Early on, women's rights were discussed in the state by women such as Amelia Bloomer and petitions for suffrage were sent to the Iowa state legislature. While African American men earned the right to vote in 1868, women from all backgrounds had to continue to agitate for enfranchisement. One of the first suffrage groups was formed in Dubuque in 1869. Not long after, a state suffrage convention was held in Mount Pleasant in 1870. Iowa suffragists focused on organizing and lobbying the state legislature. In 1894, women gained the right to vote on municipal bond and tax issues and also in school elections. These rights were immediately utilized by women who turned out in good numbers to vote on these issues. By the 1910s, the state legislature finally passed in successive sessions a women's suffrage amendment to the state constitution. This resulted in a voter referendum to be held on the issue on June 5, 1916. The campaign included anti-suffrage agitation from liquor interests who claimed that women's suffrage would cause higher taxes. The amendment was defeated, though a subsequent investigation turned up a large amount of fraud. However, the election could not be invalidated and women had to wait to vote. On July 2, 1919, Iowa became the tenth state to ratify the Nineteenth Amendment.
References
- ↑ Strong-Minded Women -the Emergence of the Woman Suffrage Movement in Iowa-Louise R. Noun, Iowa State University Press, 1969
- ↑ Leonard, John William (May 17, 1914). "Woman's Who's who of America: A Biographical Dictionary of Contemporary Women of the United States and Canada, 1914-1915". American Commonwealth Company – via Google Books.
- ↑ Leonard, John William (1914). Woman's Who's who of America: A Biographical Dictionary of Contemporary Women of the United States and Canada, 1914-1915. American Commonwealth Company. p. 657.
snell seminary oakland.
- ↑ "The". osughost.imodules.com.
- ↑ "San Francisco Call 15 May 1908 — California Digital Newspaper Collection". cdnc.ucr.edu.
- ↑ "San Francisco Call 19 July 1911 — California Digital Newspaper Collection". cdnc.ucr.edu.
- ↑ "Simple Service Marks Mrs. Poulson's Funeral; Last Founder of Seminary Will Be Succeeded by Miss Adelaide Smith". San Francisco Call. Vol. 114, no. 34. 4 July 1913 – via California Digital Newspaper Collection.
- ↑ "Snell – Wellesley". CTA Journal. 10: 525. 1915.
- ↑ A Handbook of Private Schools for American Boys and Girls. Vol. 32. Sargent handbooks. 1950. p. 572.
- ↑ "snell seminary - OMCA COLLECTIONS". collections.museumca.org.
- ↑ Goetzman, H. J. "[Letter], Mrs. M. J. Goetzman [to] Miss Edith Goetzman".