Snokomish

Last updated

The Snokomish were a Halkomelem-speaking Coast Salish people whose territory was primarily located across the Boundary Bay area. Their territory surrounded the mouths of three rivers: the Nicomekl River, Serpentine River and Campbell River. The first two rivers empty into Mud Bay, the western portion of Boundary Bay, north of today's Crescent Beach, whereas as the mouth of the Little Campbell River (a.k.a. Campbell Creek, or Campbell River, Surrey, British Columbia) empties into Semiahmoo Bay (the eastern portion of Boundary Bay). The Little Campbell River lets out to the ocean at the Semiahmoo First Nation's reserve lands--very close to today's city of White Rock, British Columbia. The Snokomish were also known as the Derby people, as their territory also included a portion of the Fraser River, near Derby, British Columbia close to the head waters of the Serpentine River (see also Tynehead Regional Park, Surrey British Columbia and Derby Reach, British Columbia), the original site of Fort Langley. The Snokomish did indeed speak Halkomelem. Their dialect was 'Downriver,' rather than 'Upriver,' or 'Island.' Their particular dialect was 'Nicomekl'.

History

The population was decimated by a smallpox epidemic in 1850, and thereafter some individuals were absorbed into the neighbouring Semiahmoo, whose territory was immediately to the south, and who absorbed the saltwater portion of Snokomish territory (the rest is now Kwantlen territory). Families with Snokomish heritage among the Semiahmoo retain hereditary rights to the mouths of the Nicomekl, Serpentine and Campbell Rivers. [1] It is also thought that surviving individuals from the Snokomish First Nations were absorbed by other Halkomelem speaking neighbors such as the Tsawwassen First Nation, Katzie First Nation and Kwantlen First Nation.

Related Research Articles

White Rock, British Columbia City in British Columbia, Canada

White Rock is a city in British Columbia, Canada, and a member municipality of Metro Vancouver. It borders Semiahmoo Bay to the south and is surrounded on three sides by South Surrey. To the southeast across a footbridge lies the Semiahmoo First Nation, which is within the borders of Surrey. Semiahmoo Bay and the Southern Gulf Islands in the Strait of Georgia are also to the south.

Boundary Bay Bay on the Canada–United States border

Boundary Bay is a shallow bay situated on the Pacific coast of North America on the Canada–United States border between the Canadian province of British Columbia and the U.S. state of Washington.

Musqueam Indian Band Autonomous area in British Columbia, Canada

The Musqueam Indian Band is a First Nations band government in the Canadian province of British Columbia and is the only First Nations band whose reserve community lies within the boundaries of the City of Vancouver.

Kwantlen First Nation Indian reserve in British Columbia, Canada

Kwantlen First Nation is a First Nations band government in British Columbia, Canada, located primarily on McMillan Island near Fort Langley. The Kwantlen people traditionally speak the Downriver dialect of Halkomelem, one of the Salishan family of languages.

Nicomekl River

The Nicomekl River springs from the ground in Langley, British Columbia and travels west through the city to Surrey's Crescent Beach, where it empties into Mud Bay, the northernmost section of the Boundary Bay of the Strait of Georgia. It has a total length of 34 km, with a drainage area of 149 km2.

Katzie

Katzie First Nation is an Indigenous band located in the Lower Fraser Valley in British Columbia, Canada. They are part of the Sto:lo Coast Salish group of peoples, historically referred to by European settlers as Fraser River Indians or Fraser Salish. Their band government is the Katzie First Nation, which does not belong to either of the two Sto:lo tribal councils.

Crescent Beach, Surrey Neighbourhood of Surrey in Lower Mainland, British Columbia, Canada

Crescent Beach is a beachside community within the South Surrey town centre of Surrey, British Columbia, Canada next to Boundary Bay and Mud Bay, across from the Delta, British Columbia. It is home to 1,200 residents, mostly in single-family homes.

Tsawwassen First Nation Tsawwassen Lands in Canada

The Tsawwassen First Nation is a First Nations government whose lands are located in the Greater Vancouver area of the Lower Mainland of British Columbia, Canada, adjacent to the South Arm of the Fraser River and the Tsawwassen Ferry Terminal and just north of the international boundary with the United States at Point Roberts, Washington. Tsawwassen First Nation lists its membership at approximately 490 people, about half of whom live on the reserve.

The Nanoose First Nation, also known the Snaw-naw-as First Nation, is a First Nations government located on central Vancouver Island in southwestern British Columbia, Canada, in the vicinity of the community of Nanoose Bay. Their ancestral tongue is a dialect of Hulquminum language, a.k.a. Island Halkomelem.

Semiahmoo may refer to:

Semiahmoo First Nation

Semiahmoo First Nation is the band government of the Semiahmoo people, a Coast Salish subgroup. The band's main community and offices are located on the 312 acres (1.3 km2) Semiahmoo Indian Reserve which is sandwiched between the boundary of White Rock, British Columbia and the Canada–United States boundary and Peace Arch Provincial Park.

Campbell River (Semiahmoo Bay)

The Campbell River passes through Surrey and Langley, British Columbia, Canada, entering Semiahmoo Bay at the Semiahmoo Indian Reserve, which lies between the City of White Rock and Peace Arch Park on the international boundary.

The Semiahmoo Indian Reserve is a 129.1-hectare Indian Reserve in the Lower Mainland, British Columbia, located on Semiahmoo Bay between the City of White Rock and Peace Arch Park, which sits astride the international boundary with Washington state.

The Semiahmoo are a Coast Salish indigenous people whose homeland is in the Lower Mainland region of southwestern British Columbia, Canada.

Qayqayt First Nation

The Qayqayt First Nation (qiqéyt), also known as the New Westminster Indian Band, is a band government located at New Westminster, British Columbia. The New Westminster Indian Band - Qayqayt First Nation is recognized by all levels of government, as well as the Assembly of First Nations where they hold delegate status. The Qayqayt First Nation historically spoke the Downriver Dialect of Halkomelem called hən̓q̓əmin̓əm̓, a Coast Salish language. The Qayqayt First Nation is one of the smallest First Nations in Canada and the only one registered without a land base.

Sunnyside, Surrey Neighbourhood in Lower Mainland, British Columbia, Canada

Sunnyside is a neighbourhood of South Surrey, which in turn is a region of Surrey, British Columbia, Canada.

The Kwikwetlem, whose name is on the modern map as that of the City of Coquitlam, British Columbia, Canada, are a Coast Salish indigenous people whose traditional territories and modern reserves are located in that city and its neighbours Port Coquitlam and Port Moody. Speakers of Hunquminum, the Downriver Dialect of Halkomelem, they were organized into the Kwikwetlem First Nation band government, formerly the Coquitlam Indian Band. They are related to the neighbouring Kwantlen and Katzie.

Roxanne Charles-George is a mixed media artist, activist, curator, storyteller, and cultural historian of Strait Salish and European descent. She is a current councilor. and active band member of Semiahmoo First Nation in Surrey, British Columbia, where she promotes art, language, and culture. As an artist, she works with a wide range of media. She directly responds to the problems of colonialism, and documents issues that reflect her life experiences such as spirituality, identity, urbanization, food security, resource extraction, trauma, and various forms of systemic violence. As a contemporary storyteller and cultural historian, her goal is to touch, move, and inspire others through her work. Her work employs traditional Semiahma forms of knowledge such as visual representation, oral history, and ceremony.

References