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Poverty is a state or condition in which one lacks the financial resources and essentials for a certain standard of living. Poverty can have diverse social, economic, and political causes and effects. When evaluating poverty in statistics or economics there are two main measures: absolute poverty compares income against the amount needed to meet basic personal needs, such as food, clothing, and shelter; relative poverty measures when a person cannot meet a minimum level of living standards, compared to others in the same time and place. The definition of relative poverty varies from one country to another, or from one society to another.
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The poverty threshold, poverty limit, poverty line, or breadline is the minimum level of income deemed adequate in a particular country. The poverty line is usually calculated by estimating the total cost of one year's worth of necessities for the average adult. The cost of housing, such as the rent for an apartment, usually makes up the largest proportion of this estimate, so economists track the real estate market and other housing cost indicators as a major influence on the poverty line. Individual factors are often used to account for various circumstances, such as whether one is a parent, elderly, a child, married, etc. The poverty threshold may be adjusted annually. In practice, like the definition of poverty, the official or common understanding of the poverty line is significantly higher in developed countries than in developing countries.
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Rural poverty refers to poverty in rural areas, including factors of rural society, rural economy, and political systems that give rise to the poverty found there. Rural areas, because of their spread-out populations, typically have less well maintained infrastructure and a harder time accessing markets, which tend to be concentrated in population centers.
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Child labour in Nigeria is the employment of children under the age of 18 in a manner that restricts or prevents them from basic education and development. Child labour is pervasive in every state of the country. In 2006, the number of child workers was estimated at about 15 million. Poverty is a major factor that drives child labour in Nigeria. In poor families, child labour is a major source of income for the family.
Cura del Popolo is an Italian non-profit association operating in Vietnam, in the city of Da Nang. Founded in 2002 by Italian doctor, Enzo Falcone, and his wife, Luu Thi Minh Tam, Cura del Popolo focuses on assisting disadvantaged families, in particular women and children.
In Afghanistan, poverty is widespread in rural and urban areas. However, it has been estimated that poverty in Afghanistan is mainly concentrated in rural areas. It has been estimated that four out of five poor people live in rural areas. In these rural areas, families without enough access to adequate nutrition see many infants and children become stunted, malnourished, and die each year. The regions in Afghanistan where almost half of the inhabitants are poor are the East, Northeast, and West-Central regions. According to the Afghan government's estimates, 42 percent of the Afghanistan's total population lives below the poverty line. Also, 20 percent of people living just above the poverty line are highly vulnerable to falling into poverty.
References
- ↑ Worldbank Data-Vietnam.Retrieved on 12 February 2012
- 1 2 VLSS 1992/93, 1997/98; VHLSS 2002, 2004
- ↑ UN-Vietnam-Basic Statistics.Retrieved on 12 February 2012.
- ↑ World Bank-Rural Poverty in Viet Nam.Retrieved on 12 February 2012.
- ↑ Nguyen, Ngoc P. "Childhood Poverty in Vietnam: A Review" (PDF). Young Lives. Oxford Department of International Development. Retrieved 12 April 2020.
- ↑ UNICEF-Child Poverty in East Asia and Pacific.Retrieved on 13 February 2012.
- 1 2 Hung, Dr. "New approach to child poverty developed for Viet Nam". The United Nations in Viet Nam. Retrieved 2019-01-06.