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Health informatics combines communications, information technology (IT), and health care to enhance patient care and is at the forefront of the medical technological revolution. It can be viewed as a branch of engineering and applied science.
Primary care is a model of health care that supports first-contact, accessible, continuous, comprehensive and coordinated person-focused care. It aims to optimise population health and reduce disparities across the population by ensuring that subgroups have equal access to services.
Telenursing refers to the use of information technology in the provision of nursing services whenever physical distance exists between patient and nurse, or between any number of nurses. As a field, it is part of telemedicine, and has many points of contacts with other medical and non-medical applications, such as telediagnosis, teleconsultation, and telemonitoring. The field, however, is still being developed as the information on telenursing isn't comprehensive enough.
A personal health record (PHR) is a health record where health data and other information related to the care of a patient is maintained by the patient. This stands in contrast to the more widely used electronic medical record, which is operated by institutions and contains data entered by clinicians to support insurance claims. The intention of a PHR is to provide a complete and accurate summary of an individual's medical history which is accessible online. The health data on a PHR might include patient-reported outcome data, lab results, and data from devices such as wireless electronic weighing scales or from a smartphone.
A chronic condition is a health condition or disease that is persistent or otherwise long-lasting in its effects or a disease that comes with time. The term chronic is often applied when the course of the disease lasts for more than three months. Common chronic diseases include diabetes, functional gastrointestinal disorder, eczema, arthritis, asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, autoimmune diseases, genetic disorders and some viral diseases such as hepatitis C and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. An illness which is lifelong because it ends in death is a terminal illness. It is possible and not unexpected for an illness to change in definition from terminal to chronic. Diabetes and HIV for example were once terminal yet are now considered chronic due to the availability of insulin for diabetics and daily drug treatment for individuals with HIV which allow these individuals to live while managing symptoms.
A nursing shortage occurs when the demand for nursing professionals, such as Registered Nurses (RNs), exceeds the supply locally—within a healthcare facility—nationally or globally. It can be measured, for instance, when the nurse-to-patient ratio, the nurse-to-population ratio, the number of job openings necessitates a higher number of nurses than currently available, or the current number of nurses is above a certain age where retirement becomes an option and plays a factor in staffing making the workforce in a higher need of nurses. The nursing shortage is global according to 2022 World Health Organization fact sheet.
Nursing is a health care profession that "integrates the art and science of caring and focuses on the protection, promotion, and optimization of health and human functioning; prevention of illness and injury; facilitation of healing; and alleviation of suffering through compassionate presence". Nurses practice in many specialties with varying levels of certification and responsibility. Nurses comprise the largest component of most healthcare environments. There are shortages of qualified nurses in many countries.
The Society of Critical Care Medicine (SCCM) is the largest non-profit medical organization in the practice of critical care. SCCM was established in 1970 and is an independently incorporated, international, educational and scientific society based in the United States. Its members are multi-professional health professionals providing care to critically ill and injured patients, and SCCM is the only organization that represents all professional components of the critical care team. The Society supports research and education, and advocates on issues related to critical care.
Health information technology (HIT) is health technology, particularly information technology, applied to health and health care. It supports health information management across computerized systems and the secure exchange of health information between consumers, providers, payers, and quality monitors. Based on a 2008 report on a small series of studies conducted at four sites that provide ambulatory care – three U.S. medical centers and one in the Netherlands, the use of electronic health records (EHRs) was viewed as the most promising tool for improving the overall quality, safety and efficiency of the health delivery system.
Patient participation is a trend that arose in answer to medical paternalism. Informed consent is a process where patients make decisions informed by the advice of medical professionals.
Clinical point of care (POC) is the point in time when clinicians deliver healthcare products and services to patients at the time of care.
Knowledge translation (KT) is the activities involved in moving research from the laboratory, the research journal, and the academic conference into the hands of people and organizations who can put it to practical use. Knowledge translation is most often used in the health professions, including medicine, nursing, pharmaceuticals, rehabilitation, physical therapy, and public health.
Health information on the Internet refers to all health-related information communicated through or available on the Internet.
The medical–industrial complex (MIC) refers to a network of interactions between pharmaceutical corporations, health care personnel, and medical conglomerates to supply health care-related products and services for a profit. The term is derived from the idea of the military–industrial complex.
Pam Smith FRCN is a Professor of Nursing in the School of Health in Social Science at the University of Edinburgh. Her research relates to emotions and care within the nursing profession.
Rachel Leland Levine is an American pediatrician who has served as the United States Assistant Secretary for Health since March 26, 2021. She is also an admiral in the United States Public Health Service Commissioned Corps.
Onze Lieve Vrouwe Gasthuis is a major clinical hospital situated near Oosterpark in Amsterdam in the Netherlands. Founded in 1898, it is now part of OLVG, a network of hospitals formed by the merger of the Onze Lieve Vrouwe Gasthuis with the former Sint Lucas Andreas hospital, and is now known as OLVG, West Location.
Marion Jokl Ball is a South African-born American scientist, educator, and leader in global Biomedical and Health Informatics. She holds the Raj and Indra Nooyi Endowed Distinguished Chair in Bioengineering, University of Texas at Arlington, is Presidential Distinguished Professor, College of Nursing and Health Innovation and serves as the Founding Executive Director, Multi-Interprofessional Center for Health Informatics (MICHI), University of Texas at Arlington. She is Professor Emerita, Johns Hopkins University School of Nursing and Affiliate Professor, Division of Health Sciences Informatics, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine. A member of the National Academy of Medicine (NAM), she is a pioneers of Informatics in Nursing and in Medicine and a founding member of the Technology Informatics Guiding Education Reform (TIGER), a global grassroots initiative that formalized in 2006 to enable nurses and later, the multi-interdisciplinary healthcare workforce in 34 countries to best make use of Health Informatics principles, methods, tools, and resources. Ball is the author/editor of over 35 books and over 200 articles in the field of Health Informatics.
Charles Safran is an American-born physician, biomedical informatician, and professor, who is known for his work regarding the use of health information technology (HIT) to improve the delivery and quality of healthcare, in particular clinical information systems.
Judith J. Warren is an American nurse, educator, and researcher, known for being a pioneer in the field of nursing informatics. Her work has focused on integrating nursing science, information technology, and patient care. She holds the title of professor emerita at the University of Kansas School of Nursing.
References
- ↑ Skiba, DJ (2011). "Nursing education 2.0: The need for social media policies for schools of nursing". Nursing Education Perspectives. 32 (2): 126–7. doi: 10.5480/1536-5026-32.2.126 . PMID 21667796.
- ↑ Barton, AJ; Skiba, DJ (2012). "Creating social media policies for education and practice". NI 2012: 11th International Congress on Nursing Informatics, June 23–27, 2012, Montreal, Canada. International Congress in Nursing Informatics (11th: 2012: Montreal, Quebec). 2012: 16. PMC 3799160 . PMID 24199039.
- ↑ Kind, Terry; Genrich, Gillian; Sodhi, Avneet; Chretien, Katherine C. (15 September 2010). "Social media policies at US medical schools". Medical Education Online. 15 (1): 5324. doi:10.3402/meo.v15i0.5324. PMC 2941429 . PMID 20859533.
- ↑ Sebelius CL, Jr (2012). "Social media policy in other orqanizations". The Journal of the American College of Dentists. 79 (4): 43–7. PMID 23654163.
- ↑ Bertot, John Carlo; Jaeger, Paul T.; Hansen, Derek (January 2012). "The impact of polices on government social media usage: Issues, challenges, and recommendations". Government Information Quarterly. 29 (1): 30–40. doi:10.1016/j.giq.2011.04.004.
- ↑ Mergel, Ines; Bretschneider, Stuart I. (May 2013). "A Three-Stage Adoption Process for Social Media Use in Government" (PDF). Public Administration Review. 73 (3): 390–400. doi:10.1111/puar.12021.
- ↑ "Should Your Library Have a Social Media Policy?".
- ↑ Sanderson, Jimmy (December 2011). "To Tweet or Not to Tweet: Exploring Division I Athletic Departments' Social-Media Policies". International Journal of Sport Communication. 4 (4): 492–513. doi:10.1123/ijsc.4.4.492.
- ↑ "Disciplining social media: An analysis of social media policies in 26 Swedish municipalities".