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Pharmacy is the science and practice of discovering, producing, preparing, dispensing, reviewing and monitoring medications, aiming to ensure the safe, effective, and affordable use of medicines. It is a miscellaneous science as it links health sciences with pharmaceutical sciences and natural sciences. The professional practice is becoming more clinically oriented as most of the drugs are now manufactured by pharmaceutical industries. Based on the setting, pharmacy practice is either classified as community or institutional pharmacy. Providing direct patient care in the community of institutional pharmacies is considered clinical pharmacy.
The Royal Pharmaceutical Society of Great Britain (RPSGB) existed from its founding as the Pharmaceutical Society of Great Britain in 1841 until 2010. The word "Royal" was added to its name in 1988. It was the statutory regulatory and professional body for pharmacists and pharmacy technicians in England, Scotland and Wales. In September 2010, the regulatory powers of the Society were transferred to the newly formed General Pharmaceutical Council (GPhC). The RPSGB became the Royal Pharmaceutical Society (RPS) at that time and retained its professional leadership role; the "Great Britain" part of the name was dropped for day-to-day purposes.
The Royal Pharmaceutical Society is the body responsible for the leadership and support of the pharmacy profession (pharmacists) within England, Scotland, and Wales. It was created along with the General Pharmaceutical Council (GPhC) in September 2010 when the previous Royal Pharmaceutical Society of Great Britain was split so that representative and regulatory functions of the pharmacy profession could be separated. Membership in the society is not a prerequisite for engaging in practice as a pharmacist within the United Kingdom. Its predecessor the Pharmaceutical Society of Great Britain was founded on 15 April 1841.
Pharmacotherapy, also known as pharmacological therapy or drug therapy, is defined as medical treatment that utilizes one or more pharmaceutical drugs to improve ongoing symptoms, treat the underlying condition, or act as a prevention for other diseases (prophylaxis).
A veterinary pharmacist is a specially trained pharmacist who dispenses veterinary drugs and supplies or products and advice to owners of companion animals and livestock. In addition, they advise the regulatory bodies and are involved in the formulation of veterinary drugs. Veterinary pharmacy is a field of pharmacy practice, in which veterinary pharmacists may compound medications, fill prescriptions, and manage drug therapies for animals. Veterinary pharmacists are licensed pharmacists who specialize in the distribution of medications for animals.
The history of pharmacy as a modern and independent science dates back to the first third of the 19th century. Before then, pharmacy evolved from antiquity as part of medicine. The history of pharmacy coincides well with the history of medicine, but it's important that there is a distinction between the two topics. Pharmaceuticals is one of the most-researched fields in the academic industry, but the history surrounding that particular topic is sparse compared to the impact its made world-wide. Before the advent of pharmacists, there existed apothecaries that worked alongside priests and physicians in regard to patient care.
Trevor Mervyn Jones, CBE PhD DSc (Hon) FRCP FMedSci FBPhS FRSM FRSC FLSW is a visiting professor at King's College London, and a former Head of R&D, at Wellcome. He continues to have a distinguished career in the pharmaceutical and biotech industry as well as in academia.
Jean Kennedy Irvine was a pharmacist from Hawick, Scotland and the first woman president of the Royal Pharmaceutical Society of Great Britain.
Agnes Borrowman was a Scottish pharmaceutical chemist. In 1924 she became the first woman to serve on the Pharmaceutical Society's Board of Examiners.
Harkishan Singh was Professor Emeritus at the Panjab University. He was a well recognized pharmaceutical academic, medicinal chemistry researcher and science historian. He had more than half a century experience in his respective fields to his credit. He worked at the Banaras Hindu University, University of Saugar, and the Panjab University in India, and abroad at the University of Maryland, University of Mississippi and the University of London.
Ida Hall Roby was first woman to graduate from the Pharmaceutical Department of the Illinois College of Pharmacy, Northwestern University, and the only woman pharmacist in Illinois at the end of the 19th century.
Margaret Elizabeth Buchanan was a British pharmacist and pioneer of women in pharmacy.
Savory & Moore founded by Thomas Paytherus in 1794 was a pharmacy company that started the business as a chemist shop in London.
Frances Elizabeth Deacon (1837–1930) was an English chemist and druggist who was the first woman to qualify after the 1868 Pharmacy Act, which made registration with the Pharmaceutical Society of Great Britain (PSGB) compulsory in order to work as a pharmacist.
Isabella Skinner Clarke–Keer was a British pharmacist and pioneer of women in pharmacy. In 1875, she became the first woman to qualify as a Pharmaceutical Chemist, and was one of the first two women members of the Pharmaceutical Society of Great Britain, admitted in 1879. In 1905, she became the first President of the National Association of Women Pharmacists.
Edward Morell Holmes FLS was a British botanist, curator and lecturer in materia medica. Most of the specimens he collected are marine algae, lichens, or bryophytes.
Elsie Higgon was the first Joint Secretary of the (National) Association of Women Pharmacists; researcher for King's College, the British Medical Journal and the British Pharmaceutical Codex; Lecturer in Chemistry at Portsmouth Municipal College; proprietor pharmacist of two businesses in Hampstead, proprietor of the Gordon Hall School of Pharmacy for Women in Gordon Square, and a supporter of the suffrage movement.
Julie Ann Johnson is an American clinical pharmacist and translational scientist. She currently serves as associate dean for clinical and translational research and holds the Dr. Samuel T. and Lois Felts Mercer Professorship of Medicine and Pharmacology at The Ohio State University College of Medicine. She is also be associate vice president for research at Ohio State. Johnson comes to Ohio State from the University of Florida, where she was dean emeritus of pharmacy and a distinguished professor of pharmacy and medicine in the Department of Pharmacotherapy & Translational Research. For four consecutive years, she was a Clarivate Analytics Highly Cited Researcher in Pharmacology and Toxicology, indicating she was one of the "world's leading scholars in the sciences and social sciences in the preceding decade."
Malcolm Rowland FBPhS is Emeritus Professor of Pharmacy, University of Manchester, and Adjunct Professor, University of California San Francisco. His research in pharmacology, has been particularly in physiologically based pharmacokinetics. He has written several textbooks on the subject.
Ella Corfield was a British pharmacist, achieving pioneering academic work in her early career and later business management. She also held senior ranks in the British Red Cross.
References
- ↑ Dhillon, Soraya (1981). Rectal absorption and pharmacokinetics of diazepam in epileptic subjects (Thesis). OCLC 1000961186.
- 1 2 "Dean, School of Life and Medical Science". career-advice.jobs.ac.uk. June 1, 2016.
- 1 2 "First Hertfordshire MBE plans to make Hertfordshire number one for Pharmacy | GPonline". www.gponline.com. 18 January 2007. Retrieved January 7, 2022.
- ↑ The chemist and druggist. Vol. 262. Wellcome Library. London : Morgan Brothers. 24 July 2004.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: others (link) - ↑ "Professor Soraya Dhillon, MBE". NHS Digital.
- ↑ "Dean, School of Life and Medical Science". career-advice.jobs.ac.uk. 2016-06-01. Retrieved 2022-01-08.
- ↑ Dhillon, Soraya (2002). "Treatment of neurological disease in the elderly". Medicines in the elderly. London: Pharmaceutical Press. ISBN 978-0-85369-446-5.
- ↑ "The chemist and druggist". 253 (6245). Wellcome Library. Role Playing: London : Morgan Brothers. 24 June 2000.
{{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires|journal=(help)CS1 maint: others (link) - ↑ "List of current fellows". www.rpharms.com. Retrieved 2022-01-08.
- ↑ "Five HEE non-executive Board members announced". Health Education England. August 5, 2019.
- ↑ "Appointments". Times Higher Education (THE). 2008-06-26. Retrieved 2022-01-08.