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The Napoleonic wars was a series of wars lasting from 1803 to 1815. Spain was just one of the many countries which resisted the expansion of the French Empire under Napoleon I. The general population fought as Guerrillas, preventing the occupying French forces from obtaining supplies or safe passage.
The Spanish Line Infantry uniform changed several times during the Napoleonic wars. Both officially with the introduction of new model uniforms, the supply of British made uniforms, locally produced clothing and those captured as the spoils of war.
The M1797 uniform was officially listed as being white with collars, cuffs and facings according in the regimental facing colours and distinguished by their pattern combination. Three regiments were recorded as still wearing this uniform as late as May 1808.
The M1802 uniform was dark blue, with black facings piped red and red turn backs on the jacket. It was recorded as being issued with white trousers, and bicorns with red feathers or plumes. The main difference to separate regiments using this uniform was the buttons stamped with regimental symbols or numbers. Twelve regiments are recorded as still wearing this uniform in May 1808.
The issue of the M1805 uniform restored the official uniform's jacket colour to white and brought back the coloured facing colours. These were used to distinguish between regiments, by a combination of cuffs, collars and facings in either facing colour piped white or white piped with the facing colour. Buttons were also used, either silver or brass. Turnbacks on the jackets were always the facing colour. [1] [2]
Issued with 1802 uniforms, which were still in use in May 1808, use possibly continued beyond this date. The M1805 uniform not issued was supposed to be white, with purple collars, cuffs and lapels piped in white with brass buttons.
Issued with 1802 uniforms, which were still in use in May 1808, use possibly continued beyond this date. The M1805 uniform not issued was supposed to be white, with purple collars, cuffs and lapels piped in white with white metal buttons.
The M1805 uniform was white with purple lapels and cuffs piped white, white collars piped purple with brass buttons. Use of this uniform continued to at least May 1808.
Blacking lapels, cuffs and collars piped white with brass buttons.
Issued with 1802 uniforms, which were still in use in May 1808, use possibly continued beyond this date. The M1805 uniform not issued was supposed to be white, with black collars, cuffs and lapels piped in white with white metal buttons.
Black lapels and cuffs piped white, white collars piped black with brass buttons.
Black lapels and cuffs piped white, white collars piped black with white metal buttons.
Purple lapels and cuffs, white collars piped purple with
Red lapels, cuffs and collars piped white with brass buttons.
Red lapels, cuffs and collars piped white with white metal buttons.
Black collars and cuffs piped white, white lapels piped black with white metal buttons.
Issued with 1802 uniforms, which were still in use in May 1808, use possibly continued beyond this date. The M1805 uniform not issued was supposed to be white, with light blue collars, cuffs and lapels piped in white with brass buttons.
Sky blue lapels, cuffs and collars piped white with white metal buttons.
Issued with 1802 uniforms, which were still in use in May 1808, use possibly continued beyond this date. The M1805 uniform not issued was supposed to be white, with green collars, cuffs and lapels piped in white with brass buttons.
Issued with 1802 uniforms, which were still in use in May 1808, use possibly continued beyond this date. The M1805 uniform not issued was supposed to be white, with green collars, cuffs and lapels piped in white with white metal buttons.
Sky blue cuffs, lapels piped white with white collars piped sky blue with brass buttons.
Red lapels, cuffs piped white, white collars piped red with brass buttons.
Green lapels and cuffs piped white, white collars piped green with brass buttons.
Sky Blue lapels and cuffs piped white, white collars piped sky blue with white metal buttons.
Issued with 1802 uniforms, which were still in use in May 1808, use possibly continued beyond this date. The M1805 uniform not issued was supposed to be white, with red cuffs and lapels piped in white, white collars piped red with white metal buttons.
Sky blue cuffs and collar piped white, white lapels piped sky blue with white metal buttons.
Green lapels and cuffs piped white, white collars piped green with white metal buttons.
Using 1797 uniform as late as May 1808, green lapels, turnbacks and cuffs, cream collar with brass buttons. The M1805 uniform was not issued was supposed to be white, with green collars and cuffs piped in white, white lapels piped green with white metal buttons.
Dark blue cuffs, lapels and collars piped white with brass buttons.
Issued with 1802 uniforms, which were still in use in May 1808, use possibly continued beyond this date. The M1805 uniform not issued which was supposed to be white, with red collars and cuffs piped in white, white lapels piped red with white metal buttons.
Dark blue cuffs, lapels and collars piped white with white metal buttons.
Purple cuffs, collars piped white, white lapels piped purple with white metal buttons.
Issued with 1802 uniforms, which were still in use in May 1808, use possibly continued beyond this date. The M1805 uniform not issued was supposed to be white, with crimson collars, cuffs and lapels piped in white with brass buttons.
Using 1797 uniform as late as May 1808, red lapels, turnbacks and cuffs, black collar with white metal buttons. The M1805 uniform was not issued was supposed to be white, with dark blue lapels and cuffs piped in white, white collars piped dark blue with white metal buttons.
Not issued with the 1802 uniform, In May 1808 they wore the following M1805 uniforms: Dark blue cuffs and collars piped white, white lapels piped dark blue with white metal buttons.
Dark blue cuffs and collars piped white, white lapels piped dark blue with white metal buttons.
Issued with 1802 uniforms, which were still in use in May 1808, use possibly continued beyond this date. The M1805 uniform not issued which was supposed to be white, with crimson collars, cuffs and lapels piped in white with white metal buttons.
Issued with 1802 uniforms, which were still in use in May 1808, use possibly continued beyond this date. The M1805 uniform not issued which was supposed to be white, with crimson cuffs and lapels piped in white, white collars piped crimson with brass buttons.
Issued with 1802 uniforms, which were still in use in May 1808, use possibly continued beyond this date. The M1805 uniform not issued was supposed to be white, with crimson cuffs and lapels piped in white, white collars piped crimson with white metal buttons.
Crimson cuffs and collars piped white, white lapels piped crimson with white metal buttons.
Sky blue Jackets with yellow collars and lapels piped white, yellow cuffs and turnbacks, with brass buttons. White trousers.
Sky blue Jackets with sky blue collars piped yellow, yellow lapels piped white, yellow cuffs and turnbacks, with white metal buttons. White trousers.
Sky blue Jackets with yellow collars and lapels piped white, yellow cuffs and turnbacks, with white metal buttons. White trousers.
Sky blue Jackets with yellow collars piped white, sky blue lapels piped white, yellow cuffs and turnbacks, with white metal buttons. White trousers.
M1796 Uniform
M1805 Uniform
Linked
The original Cazadores uniform of a black bicorn, green jacket with red lapels and cuffs was replaced with the M1800 issue of a dark blue jacket with red facings and maintaining the other equipment.
The M1802 uniform was styled after the hussar uniform of the time. A green jacket with yellow lace, red collars and cuffs with the Suhr (a type of leather & brass hat) replacing the bicorn for ordinary ranks.
The M1805 uniform returned to the bicorn, styled after the infantry uniform the colour of the jacket was changed to dark blue, with facing colours, combinations and button colour depending on regiment.
In 1808 some regiments were issued with French style shakos, including La Romana's division de norte. It is unclear which regiments, if any, in Spain were issued with shakos.
Red collar, cuffs and lapels piped white, red turn backs, red pocket piping with white metal buttons.
Yellow collars, cuffs and lapels yellow piped white, yellow turn backs, yellow pocket piping with brass buttons.
Dark blue collars piped white, yellow cuffs piped white with yellow cuff flaps. Yellow lapels, pocket piping, and turnbacks, with brass buttons.
Yellow collars, cuffs, lapels dark blue piped yellow, yellow turn backs and pocket piping with brass buttons.
Yellow collars, cuffs, lapels yellow piped white, yellow turn backs and pocket piping with white metal buttons.
Dark blue collars piped white, cuffs, lapels and turn backs red piped white, red pocket piping with white metal buttons.
Yellow collars, cuffs, dark blue lapels piped white, yellow turn backs and pocket piping with white metal buttons.
All regiments received the same uniform which was considered unpopular with the units themselves. Bicorns edged yellow with red plumes. Dark blue coats with white lapels piped red, crimson facings (collars, cuffs and turn-backs) with blue cuff flaps piped red and yellow lions on their collars. Waist coats and trousers were batched dyed a lemon colour, however this quickly bleached in the sun. The jacket used brass buttons, much like the infantry uniform of the time. The cavalry were issued long boots and blue breeches re-enforced with leather.
Horses were rare in Spain during the war, but those which could be located were issued with blue saddleclothes laced with yellow.
Collars, cuffs and lapels red piped yellow, red pocket piping, yellow button holes with brass buttons.
Collars, cuffs and lapels sky blue piped red, red pocket piping, white button holes with white metal buttons.
Collars, cuffs and lapels red piped white, red pocket piping, white button holes with white metal buttons.
Collars, cuffs and lapels white piped yellow, white pocket piping, yellow button holes with brass metal buttons.
Collars, cuffs and lapels red piped white, red pocket piping, with white metal buttons.
Collars, cuffs and lapels red piped yellow, yellow pocket piping, with white metal buttons.
Red collars and cuffs piped green, green lapels piped white, green pocket piping, with white metal buttons.
Yellow collars piped red, cuffs and lapels red piped yellow, red pocket piping, with white metal buttons.
Collars, cuffs and lapels yellow piped red, red pocket piping, with white metal buttons.
Red collars, cuffs and lapels sky blue piped red, red pocket piping, with white metal buttons.
Collars, cuffs and lapels crimson piped red, red pocket piping, with white metal buttons.
Red collars and cuffs, lapels white piped red, red pocket piping, with white metal buttons.
In 1803 all eight of the dragoon regiments raised in Spain were converted to light cavalry, with the first six converted to Cazadores a Caballo while Numancia and Lusitania were converted to Hussars (See these sections for Uniform during this time period). These were converted back to Dragoons in 1805.
Collars, cuffs and lapels crimson piped white, crimson pocket piping, with white metal buttons. Bicorn edged in white with red plume.
Collars, cuffs and lapels scarlet piped white, scarlet pocket piping, with white metal buttons. Bicorn edged in white with red plume.
Collars, cuffs and lapels sky blue piped white, sky blue pocket piping, with white metal buttons. Bicorn edged in white with red plume.
Collars and cuffs yellow piped white, lapels scarlet piped white, scarlet pocket piping, with white metal buttons. Bicorn edged in white with red plume.
Collars, cuffs and lapels green piped white, green pocket piping, with white metal buttons. Bicorn edged in white with red plume.
Collars yellow piped white, cuffs and lapels green piped white, green pocket piping, with white metal buttons. Bicorn edged in white with red plume.
Collars, cuffs and lapels black piped white, black pocket piping, with white metal buttons. Bicorn edged in white with red plume.
Collars yellow piped white, cuffs and lapels black piped white, black pocket piping, with white metal buttons. Bicorn edged in white with red plume.
In 1803 the 7º Numancia and 8º Lusitania dragoons were converted to hussars.
Converted back to dragoons in 1805.
Converted back to dragoons in 1805.
Converted back to Cazadores a Caballo in 1805.
Converted back to Cazadores a Caballo in 1805.
Converted to 1º Húsares de Maria Luisa in 1805.
Converted to 2º Húsares Españoles in 1805.
Mess dress uniform is the most formal type of evening-wear uniform used by military personnel, police personnel, and other uniformed services members. It frequently consists of a mess jacket, trousers, white dress shirt and a black bow tie, along with orders and medals insignia. Design may depend on regiment or service branch, e.g. army, navy, air force, marines, etc. In modern Western dress codes, mess dress uniform is the supplementary alternative equivalent to the civilian black tie for evening wear. Mess dress uniforms are typically less formal than full dress uniform, but more formal than service dress uniform.
A blazer is a type of jacket resembling a suit jacket, but cut more casually. A blazer is generally distinguished from a sport coat as a more formal garment and tailored from solid colour fabrics. Blazers often have naval-style metal buttons to reflect their origin as jackets worn by boating club members.
Imperial Japanese Army uniforms tended to reflect the uniforms of those countries who were the principal advisors to the Imperial Japanese Army at the time.
A facing colour is a common tailoring technique for European military uniforms where the visible inside lining of a standard military jacket, coat or tunic is of a different colour to that of the garment itself. The jacket lining evolved to be of different coloured material, then of specific hues. Accordingly, when the material was turned back on itself: the cuffs, lapels and tails of the jacket exposed the contrasting colours of the lining or facings, enabling ready visual distinction of different units: regiments, divisions or battalions each with their own specific and prominent colours. The use of distinctive facings for individual regiments was at its most popular in 18th century armies, but standardisation within infantry branches became more common during and after the Napoleonic Wars.
The uniforms of La Grande Armée, the army of Napoleon I, are described in this article.
A shell jacket is a garment used as part of a military uniform. It is a short jacket that reaches down to hip level. It was very common in the mid and late 19th century. The jacket was first created in Austria.
The Richmond Depot, or the Richmond Clothing Bureau, was a clothing and equipment facility located in three primary facilities, in and around Richmond, Virginia, established late in 1861, that supplied uniforms, footwear, and other equipment to the Confederate States Army, primarily the Army of Northern Virginia, and the surrounding region of the Commonwealth of Virginia. Richmond Depot uniforms were not issued to western or Deep South Confederates, such as the Army of Tennessee.
The following is a general overview of the Heer main uniforms, used by the German army prior to and during World War II.
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The Luftwaffe was the air force of Nazi Germany prior to and during World War II. Luftwaffe styles of uniform and rank insignia had many unique features between 1935 and 1945. By Hitler's decision on February 26, 1935, the Luftwaffe was to be officially the third branch of the Wehrmacht as of March 1, 1935. The new Luftwaffe was faced with the problem of uniforms, as they wanted a uniform distinct from those of the other two branches of the Wehrmacht and also wanted a clear differentiation in dress of military and civilian flyers.
The Empress's Dragoons of the Imperial Guard was a heavy cavalry unit formed by Napoleon I through the decree of April 15, 1806. The "dragoon" regiments of the line had distinguished themselves in the German Campaign of 1805, and therefore Napoleon decided to reorganize the cavalry of the Guard and create within it a regiment of dragoon guards. This regiment was colloquially known as the Dragons de l'Impératrice, in honor of Empress Joséphine. Following the Bourbon Restoration, they were renamed as the Royal Dragoon Corps of France but were disbanded shortly afterwards. The Empress' Dragoons were reformed during the Second Empire (1852-1870).
The Cavalry Regiment El Rey is the oldest cavalry regiment in the Spanish Army, distinguishing itself on several occasions during the Peninsular War. They are best known for their charge at the Battle of Talavera where they dealt the decisive blow against General Jean François Leval's German Division.
British Army mess dress is the formal military evening dress worn by British Army officers and senior non-commissioned officers in their respective messes or at other formal occasions.
This is an outline of the British Army's light cavalry during the Napoleonic Wars, which consisted of the Light Dragoons and later Hussars, and from 1816 the lancers.
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The Breton Chasseurs was a chasseur battalion of the French Royal Army which was created just before the French Revolution. The battalion would see service in the initial stages of the conflict, but the lineage ended after it was amalgamated with other volunteer units. The battalion's successor, the 81st Infantry Regiment would continue to serve in the modern French Army until 2010 when it was disbanded.
The Neapolitan Regiment of Honour Guards was a royal bodyguard unit of the Royal Neapolitan Guard, and was in turn part of the wider Neapolitan Army. The regiment was formed following the succession of Joachim Murat, and would continue to act as the official bodyguard under different designations until its eventual disbandment in 1815 following the disastrous Neapolitan War.
The FrenchImperial Naval Corps was the branch of the French Imperial Navy responsible for administering the infantry and artillery which was tasked with manning and utilising the weapons on the Navy's ships. The corps comprised two 'official' branches and Naval Artillery and one 'unofficial branch'. The Naval Infantry and Naval Artillery formed the 'official' branches as they were under the direct control of the navy and Naval corps. However, the Coastal Artillery was defacto an 'unofficial' branch of the corps, as it remained under control of the army for operational duties, while administration and supply was given to the Navy.
The Veterans Company of the Imperial Guard was a veterans and invalides unit of the French Imperial Guard serving under Napoleon Bonaparte in the Napoleonic Wars. The company was formed initially in July 1804 at the strength of one company, but in 1811 was expanded to two companies and became known as the Veterans of the Imperial Guard. The unit was finally disbanded in July 1814 following the restoration of the Bourbons.
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