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In computing, a denial-of-service attack is a cyber-attack in which the perpetrator seeks to make a machine or network resource unavailable to its intended users by temporarily or indefinitely disrupting services of a host connected to a network. Denial of service is typically accomplished by flooding the targeted machine or resource with superfluous requests in an attempt to overload systems and prevent some or all legitimate requests from being fulfilled. The range of attacks varies widely, spanning from inundating a server with millions of requests to slow its performance, overwhelming a server with a substantial amount of invalid data, to submitting requests with an illegitimate IP address.
Cybercrime encompasses a wide range of criminal activities that are carried out using digital devices and/or networks. These crimes involve the use of technology to commit fraud, identity theft, data breaches, computer viruses, scams, and expanded upon in other malicious acts. Cybercriminals exploit vulnerabilities in computer systems and networks to gain unauthorized access, steal sensitive information, disrupt services, and cause financial or reputational harm to individuals, organizations, and governments.
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Click fraud is a type of fraud that occurs on the Internet in pay-per-click (PPC) online advertising. In this type of advertising, the owners of websites that post the ads are paid based on how many site visitors click on the ads. Fraud occurs when a person, automated script, computer program or an auto clicker imitates a legitimate user of a web browser, clicking on such an ad without having an actual interest in the target of the ad's link in order to increase revenue. Click fraud is the subject of some controversy and increasing litigation due to the advertising networks being a key beneficiary of the fraud.
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Mikko Hermanni Hyppönen is a Finnish computer security expert, speaker and author. He is known for the Hyppönen Law about IoT security, which states that whenever an appliance is described as being "smart", it is vulnerable. He works as the Chief Research Officer at WithSecure and as the Principal Research Advisor at F-Secure.
Trustwave is an American cybersecurity subsidiary of The Chertoff Group. It focuses on providing managed detection and response (MDR), managed security services (MSS), database security, and email security to organizations around the globe.
Mirai is malware that turns networked devices running Linux into remotely controlled bots that can be used as part of a botnet in large-scale network attacks. It primarily targets online consumer devices such as IP cameras and home routers. The Mirai botnet was first found in August 2016 by MalwareMustDie, a white hat malware research group, and has been used in some of the largest and most disruptive distributed denial of service (DDoS) attacks, including an attack on 20 September 2016 on computer security journalist Brian Krebs' website, an attack on French web host OVH, and the October 2016 Dyn cyberattack. According to a chat log between Anna-senpai and Robert Coelho, Mirai was named after the 2011 TV anime series Mirai Nikki.
Log4Shell (CVE-2021-44228) is a zero-day vulnerability in Log4j, a popular Java logging framework, involving arbitrary code execution. The vulnerability had existed unnoticed since 2013 and was privately disclosed to the Apache Software Foundation, of which Log4j is a project, by Chen Zhaojun of Alibaba Cloud's security team on 24 November 2021. Before an official CVE identifier was made available on 10 December 2021, the vulnerability circulated with the name "Log4Shell", given by Free Wortley of the LunaSec team, which was initially used to track the issue online. Apache gave Log4Shell a CVSS severity rating of 10, the highest available score. The exploit was simple to execute and is estimated to have had the potential to affect hundreds of millions of devices.
References
- ↑ Ebbert, John (February 21, 2014). "Google Acqui-hires Spider.io, And Founder Douglas De Jager". AdExchanger. Retrieved December 13, 2022.
- ↑ Brown, Ashley (June 19, 2013). "Storm at spider.io - London Storm Meetup 2013-06-18". Slideshare. Retrieved December 13, 2022.
- ↑ Bradley, Tony (December 13, 2012). "Is Internet Explorer leaking sensitive information?". PCWorld. Retrieved December 13, 2022.
- ↑ Saarinen, Juha (December 14, 2012). "Internet Explorer vulnerability permits mouse cursor tracking". iTnews. Retrieved December 13, 2022.
- ↑ "Discovered: Botnet Costing Display Advertisers over Six Million Dollars per Month". spider.io. March 19, 2013. Retrieved December 13, 2022.
- ↑ Etherington, Darrell (February 21, 2014). "Google Acquires Spider.io To Help Spot And Stop Online Ad Fraud". TechCrunch. Retrieved December 13, 2022.
- ↑ Taube, Aaron (February 21, 2014). "Google Bought Spider.io To Purge The Sleaze And Fraud From The Ad Business". Business Insider. Retrieved December 13, 2022.