| Stockholm riots | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
 Hand drawn map of Stockholm from 1626 | |||||||
| |||||||
| Belligerents | |||||||
 Sweden |  Rioters | ||||||
| Commanders and leaders | |||||||
| Hans Nilsson | Erik Bengtsson Store Mats Sigfrid Mickelsson Hans Smed | ||||||
| Strength | |||||||
| Unknown | Presumably large | ||||||
| Casualties and losses | |||||||
| Unknown | Several arrested At least 3 executed | ||||||
The Stockholm riots (1623) were a series of unrests in Stockholm, 1623 as response to the high taxes and conscription by the Swedish Government.
After a truce in 1623 with Poland–Lithuania during the Polish–Swedish War (1621–1625), Gustavus Adolphus, the king of Sweden, began new recruitment, despite the truce. He was afraid that the peace would not be kept. Many soldiers were lost before they were sent over to the frontlines. [1] [2] Gustavus had also implemented new taxes, which further expanded unrest. [3]
A council member confirmed that these new taxes and conscription were much too detrimental to the country, stating:
"landet [är] så utblottat med folk av dessa 4 skarpa utskrivningar, så att det synes någorlunda vilja luta; och var det ännu ett år eller två skall kontinuera, så må vi väl säga, att vi hava vunnit land av androm, och därutöver ruinerat vårt eget."
Rough translation:
"the country [is] so deprived of people of these 4 sharp conscriptions, that it seems reasonably willing to lean; and should it continue for another year or two, we may well say that we have won the land of others, and, moreover, ruined our own."
Rumours of a coming Polish invasion of Sweden furthered the unrest in Stockholm. [2] Everyone who baked, butchered, or brewed, were ordered to report to the crown for calculations of the new taxes. These events eventually culminated in the riots. [4]
The riots began when Hans Nilsson, who was the crowns overseer, [4] assembled a group of burghers at the Stockholm Court House to hear a proclamation from the authorities. [3] A large group of disgruntled city dwellers assembled, which quickly evolved into a demonstration, and later escalated into what the authorities called "rebellion and mutiny". [3] They began yelling out "Här ut! Här ut!" which is roughly translated to "Out! Out!", this was likely them wanting the one responsible for the taxes to come out to the square. [3] They called him "Pölse Hans, sylte och kårfuemånglare" and other insults. [5] When Hans went out to the square to speak with the demonstrators, he was overwhelmed and restrained. [3] [2]
Towards the evening, the crowd eventually dispersed and Hans was let go. The authorities chose not to intervene, most likely fearing it would only increase the violence. [2] However, the authorities arrested 4 of the people that were accused of starting the riots, Erik Bengtsson, Store Mats, Sigfrid Mickelsson, and Hans Smed. [3] After extensive investigations, they were sentenced to death, but it is unknown if these sentences were actually carried out. [2] 3 other protesters were also later put on trial. [3]
Several of the people arrested were sent to Västerås Castle, where Gustavus Adolphus was residing. The riots were serious, and the king wanted to judge the instigiators of the riot personally. [3] It is speculated of what happened to the arrested, but a Danish diplomat wrote in a contemporary letter telling of a "large riot" in Stockholm, and that 3 people had been sentenced to death and lost their lives. [3]
Katarina kyrka is one of the major churches in central Stockholm, Sweden. The original building was constructed 1656–1695. It has been rebuilt twice after being destroyed by fires, the second time during the 1990s. The Katarina-Sofia borough is named after Katarina Parish and the neighbouring parish of Sofia.
"Ack Värmeland, du sköna" or "Värmlandsvisan" is a Swedish popular song, best known in the English-speaking world as "Dear Old Stockholm".
The Russo-Swedish War of 1495–1497, known in Sweden as the Stures' Russian War, was a border war which occurred between the Grand Duchy of Moscow and the Kingdom of Sweden. Although the war was relatively short, and did not lead to any territorial changes, it has significance as the first war between Sweden and Moscow. Sweden earlier fought wars against the Novgorod Republic, before Novgorod was formally annexed to Moscow in 1478.
Sven Rydenfelt was a Swedish economist and political writer known for his libertarian views.
Brigitta Christina Scherzenfeldt, as married Bernow, Lindström, Ziems, and Renat, was a Swedish memoirist and weaving teacher who was captured during the Great Northern War and lived as a slave over 15 years in the Dzungar Khanate in Central Asia. She dictated her memoirs, describing her life as a slave, after her release. Her story is regarded as a unique source of information about life among the Dzungars.
Mikael Ljungman is a Swedish politician, lawyer and businessman. He was 2009–2010 convicted of fraud and false accounting related to his business activities, for which he served a two-year prison term. He is also known for his association and involvement with two high-profile tech failures: the game console manufacturer Gizmondo in 2005 and IT Factory in 2008. After his release from prison, Ljungman became active in the Christian Democrats legal policy network. He was selected as a Christian Democrats parliamentary candidate for the 2014 Swedish elections, as number 32 on their Stockholm candidate list.
Gunnar Cederschiöld was a Swedish author, image artist and fencer.
Anna Cecilia Petra Östergren is a Swedish feminist writer, debater, social commentator and an instructor in self-defense. She has an MA in Social Anthropology, and is a doctoral student at Lund University. Her research is titled "The State of Feminism".
Sara Simonsdotter, called Tjocka Sara, was a Swedish brothel owner and procurer in 17th-century Stockholm. Her brothel had clientele among the royal court and became the centre of a scandal when it was revealed in 1618.
Kristian Olof Erik Gidlund was a Swedish musician and author. He played drums in the rock band Sugarplum Fairy. He hosted Sommar i P1 on Swedish radio and released one book. In 2011 Gidlund was diagnosed with stomach cancer, and died from the disease in 2013 four days short of his 30th birthday.
Hédi Fried was a Swedish-Romanian-Hungarian author and psychologist. A Holocaust survivor, she passed through Auschwitz as well as Bergen-Belsen, coming to Sweden in July 1945 with the boat M/S Rönnskär.
Per Svante Gudmund Nordin is a Swedish historian of ideas and author. He is a professor of history of ideas at Lund University.
Hans Wilhelm Kristofer Agrell is a Swedish writer and historian within the area of peace and conflict studies. His authorship has mostly focussed on Swedish foreign, security and defence policy during the Cold War.
Lars Lönnroth is a Swedish literary scholar.
Harriet Irène Elisabeth K:son Ullberg was a Swedish painter.
Grethe Inga Rottböll Sund, née Grethe Inga Poulsen, is a Swedish singer and author. She lives and works in Sweden and writes books for adults and children under the name Grethe Rottböll. During the 1990s, she worked as a singer (mezzo-soprano) in operas and operettas. Since May 2018 she is the chairman of Sveriges Författarförbund (SFF), or Swedish Writers’ Union.
Farnaz Arbabi is an Iranian-born Swedish theatre director, playwright and writer. She has been the creative co-director of Unga Klara since 2014.
Jödde Stims uprising, also called the Madesjö uprising was an uprising in Möre, Småland, in 1624. The rebels were lead by Jödde Stims, but the uprising was eventually defeated. The uprising was directed against their commander, Patrick Ruthven.
The Västbo peasant uprising was a peasant uprising in Västbo parish, Småland, Sweden, in 1616. They were upset about the thievery of their bailiff, Lars Andersson.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)