Stolpersteine in Croatia

Last updated
Stolpersteine for Eugenio and Giannetta Lipschitz in Rijeka Stolpersteine in Rijeka 2.jpg
Stolpersteine for Eugenio and Giannetta Lipschitz in Rijeka

The Stolpersteine in Croatia lists the Stolpersteine in the Republic of Croatia. Stolpersteine is the German name for stumbling blocks collocated all over Europe by German artist Gunter Demnig. They remember the fate of the Nazi victims being murdered, deported, exiled or driven to suicide.

Contents

Generally, the stumbling blocks are posed in front of the building where the victims had their last self-chosen residence. Until now in Croatia there has been only one collocation of Stolpersteine—in 2013 in the Adriatic town Rijeka (Croatian pronunciation:  [rijěːka] , in Italian: Fiume). From 1466, this town was under Habsburg rule for four and half centuries, at last with two-thirds of its inhabitants being of Italian descent. Thereafter, Rijeka was independent for some years. From 1924 to the end of WW2, the city belonged to Italy. The name of the Stolpersteine in Croatian is Kamen spoticanja, and in Italian: pietre d'inciampo.

The list is sortable; the basic order follows the alphabet according to the last name of the victim.

Rijeka

StoneInscriptionLocationLife and death
Stolperstein fur Eugenio Lipschitz (rumanisch).jpg Stolperstein fur Eugenio Lipschitz (italienisch).jpg
HERE LIVED
EUGENIO LIPSCHITZ
BORN 1883
ARRESTED MARCH 1944
INTERNED IN RISIERA
DI SAN SABBA
DEPORTED 1944
AUSCHWITZ
MURDERED AT AN UNKNOWN DATE
Ante Starčevića 5
45°19′33″N14°26′41″E / 45.32589°N 14.444837°E / 45.32589; 14.444837 (Stolpersteine for Eugenio Lipschitz und Giannetta Zipszer Lipschitz)
Jeremus Eugenio Lipschitz was born on 5 May 1883 in the Western Hungarian city of Sümeg. [1] His family moved to Fiume/Rijeka in 1894. He established himself as a retailer of gadgets and jewelry and married Zseni Zipszer, also called Giannetta. The couple had three children, the sons Arturo (1914–1980) and Efraim (born 1919) and the daughter Magda (also Maddalena), who later-on was married to Enrico Heimler and took his name. Both sons were able to emigrate to Palestine in time. His daughter Magda, together with her husband, her mother-in-law and her sister-in-law, escaped to Central Italy in September 1943, and thereafter to Switzerland where she could survive the Holocaust. [2] Jeremus Eugenio Lipschitz was interned by the Mussolini regime 28 July – 22 December 1940 in the Campagna internment camp. After his release he was not allowed to return to Fiume for a certain period. He and his wife were arrested in Fiume by German forces in March 1944, first deported to Risiera di San Sabba, a German concentration camp in Trieste, later to Auschwitz Birkenau concentration camp. There, both were murdered at an unknown time.

His sister Giuseppina and her husband Adolfo Simkovits were also murdered in Auschwitz. [3]

Lipschitz's report on the internment in Campagna was translated by his daughter from Hungarian to Italian and published in 2001 in book form. His report was designated by the Corriere del Mezzogiorno as a particularly relevant historical document. [lower-alpha 1] Excerpts appeared in two anthologies in 2011 and 2015. [5] [6]

Stolperstein fur Giannetta Zipszer Lipschitz (rumanisch).jpg Stolperstein fur Giannetta Zipszer Lipschitz (italienisch).jpg
HERE LIVED
GIANNETTA ZIPSZER
LIPSCHITZ
BORN 1893
ARRESTED MARCH 1944
INTERNED IN RISIERA
DI SAN SABBA
DEPORTED 1944
AUSCHWITZ
MURDERED AT AN UNKNOWN DATE
Ante Starčevića 5
45°19′33″N14°26′41″E / 45.32589°N 14.444837°E / 45.32589; 14.444837 (Stolpersteine for Eugenio Lipschitz und Giannetta Zipszer Lipschitz)
Giannetta Zipszer Lipschitz, also Zseni, was born on 18 June 1893 in Mád in Northeastern Hungary. Her parents were shop assistant Albert Zipszer (born 1843) and the housewife Rozaliá Altmann (born 1848). [7] [8] [9] She had at least one brother, Herman, born 1868 in Mad. [10] She lived in Fiume/Rijeka from 1914, was married to Jeremus Eugenio Lipschitz and worked as a housewife. The couple had at least three children who were all born in Fiume and who could survive the German occupation and the Holocaust: Arturo, Magda and Efraim.

Together with her husband, she was arrested in Fiume in March 1944, deported to Risiera di San Sabba, and later to Auschwitz Birkenau concentration camp, where she was murdered by the Nazi regime at an unknown time, as was her husband.

Dates of collocations

The collocation in Rijeka took place on 21 May 2013. For both victims two Stolpersteine were posed, one in Croatian and one in Italian. The planned collocation of a Stolperstein for Branko Lustig in Osijek on 22 May 2013 has probably not taken place.

See also

Notes

  1. In a review of the book Gli ebrei sotto la persecuzione in Italia by Avagliano/Palmieri, the Italian daily Corriere del Mezzogiorno praised the Lipschitz diary and its "exact description of the internment″. [4]

Related Research Articles

Rijeka City in Primorje-Gorski Kotar County, Croatia

Rijeka is the principal seaport and the third-largest city in Croatia. It is located in Primorje-Gorski Kotar County on Kvarner Bay, an inlet of the Adriatic Sea and in 2011 had a population of 128,624 inhabitants. Historically, because of its strategic position and its excellent deep-water port, the city was fiercely contested, especially among Italy, Hungary, and Croatia, changing hands and demographics many times over centuries. According to the 2011 census data, the majority of its citizens are Croats, along with a large minority of Serbs, and smaller numbers of Bosniaks and Italians.

History of the Jews in Italy aspect of Italian and Jewish history

The history of the Jews in Italy spans more than two thousand years to the present. The Jewish presence in Italy dates to the pre-Christian Roman period and has continued, despite periods of extreme persecution and expulsions, until the present. As of 2019, the estimated core Jewish population in Italy numbers around 45,000.

Israel Zolli Chief rabbi of Rome, Italy, during World War II; later converted to Catholicism

Eugenio Maria Zolli, born Israel Anton Zoller, was an Austro-Hungarian by birth, and an Italian doctorate professor of philosophy and author. Until converting from Judaism to Catholicism in February 1945, Zolli was the chief rabbi in Rome, Italy's Jewish community from 1940 to 1945. After the war, he taught philosophy at a number of institutions throughout Rome including the Sapienza University of Rome and Pontifical Biblical Institute.

<i>Stolperstein</i> Project created by Gunter Demnig for honoring victims of Nazism

A Stolperstein is a sett-size, ten-centimetre (3.9 in) concrete cube bearing a brass plate inscribed with the name and life dates of victims of Nazi extermination or persecution.

This bibliography on Church policies 1939–1945 includes mainly Italian publications relative to Pope Pius XII and Vatican policies during World War II. Two areas are missing and need separate bibliographies at a later date.

Alain Elkann Italian journalist

Alain Elkann is an Italian novelist, journalist. Currently, Elkann is the conductor of cultural programs on Italian television. He is President of the Scientific Committee of the Italy-USA Foundation. A recurring theme in his books is the history of the Jews in Italy, their centrality to Italian history, and the relation between the Jewish faith and other religions. He is a writer for La Règle du Jeu, Nuovi Argomenti, "A" and Shalom magazines.

The history of the Jews in Sicily deals with Jews and the Jewish community in Sicily which possibly dates back two millennia. Sicily is a large island off the Southern Italian coast. There has been a Jewish presence in Sicily for at least 1400 years and possibly for more than 2000 years.

Rijeka, formerly known as Fiume, is a city located in the northern tip of the Kvarner Gulf in the northern Adriatic. It was part of the Roman province of Dalmatia, and later of the Kingdom of Croatia. It grew during the 12th to 14th centuries as a seaport within the Holy Roman Empire, trading with Italian cities. Under the ownership of the House of Habsburg from 1466, it was made a free city, and although part of the Duchy of Carniola it developed organs of local self-government.

Carlo Angela Italian neuropsychiatrist

Carlo Angela was an Italian doctor, who has been recognized as a "Righteous Among the Nations" for his efforts during World War II in saving Jewish lives. He is the father of TV journalist and science writer Piero Angela.

Angelo Donati Italian banker and philanthropist

Cavalier Angelo Donati was a Jewish Italian banker and philanthropist, and a diplomat of the San Marino Republic in Paris.

Delegation for the Assistance of Jewish Emigrants or DELASEM, was an Italian and Jewish resistance organization that worked in Italy between 1939 and 1947. It is estimated that during World War II, DELASEM was able to distribute more than $1,200,000 in aid, of which nearly $900,000 came from outside Italy.

Piero Folli Italian priest

Don Piero Folli was an Italian antifascist parish priest.

The Holocaust in Italy

The Holocaust in Italy was the persecution, deportation, and murder of Jews between 1943 and 1945 in the Italian Social Republic, the part of the Kingdom of Italy occupied by Nazi Germany after the Italian surrender on September 8, 1943, during World War II.

Stolpersteine in Prague-Josefov Wikimedia list article

The Stolpersteine in Prague-Josefov lists the Stolpersteine in the town quarter Josefov of Prague, the former Jewish quarter of the city. Stolpersteine is the German name for stumbling blocks collocated all over Europe by German artist Gunter Demnig. They remember the fate of the Nazi victims being murdered, deported, exiled or driven to suicide.

Stolpersteine in Lomnice u Tišnova Wikimedia list article

The Stolpersteine in Lomnice u Tišnova lists the Stolpersteine in the town Lomnice in the South Moravian Region. Stolpersteine is the German name for stumbling blocks collocated all over Europe by German artist Gunter Demnig. They remember the fate of the Nazi victims being murdered, deported, exiled or driven to suicide.

Stolpersteine in Liguria Wikimedia list article

Stolpersteine is the German name for small, cobble stone-sized memorials installed all over Europe by German artist Gunter Demnig. They remember the fate of the victims of Nazi Germany being murdered, deported, exiled or driven to suicide. The first Stolperstein in Genoa, the capital of the Italian region of Liguria, was installed in January 2012.

Stolpersteine in Milan Wikimedia list article

Stolpersteine is the German name for small, cobblestone-sized memorials placed around Europe by German artist Gunter Demnig. They commemorate the victims of Nazi Germany who were murdered, deported, exiled or driven to suicide. The first Stolpersteine in Milan, the capital of the Italian region of Lombardia, were established in January 2017.

Giulio Meotti is an Italian journalist who writes on Middle Eastern and Jewish issues. He is a strong advocate of Israel, and is critical of both the Catholic Church and of Jews who are themselves critical of Israel, regarding them as abettors of anti-semitism. He was subject to accusations of engaging in plagiarizing the work of other journalists, and since has worked for Il Foglio and Arutz Sheva.

References

  1. "Search: Family of Eugenio Lipschitz". I Nomi della Shoah Italiana (Memorial to the Victims of 1943 - 1945 Anti-Jewish Persecution). Retrieved 11 Dec 2016. spouse: Giannetta Zipszer; brothers and sisters: Giuseppina Lipschitz
  2. Claims Resolution Tribunal (24 October 2002). "In re Holocaust Victim Assets Litigation Case No. CV96-4849" (PDF). Retrieved 29 Dec 2016.
  3. "Lipschitz, Giuseppina", CDEC Digital Library, retrieved on 6 May 2017.
  4. "Gli ebrei negli anni della persecuzione: lettere e diari di una sofferenza corale" [The Jews in the years of persecution: letters and diaries of a choral suffering]. Corriere del Mezzogiorno (in Italian). 2011-04-02. Retrieved 2017-01-27. Tra i documenti storici particolarmente rilevanti […] l'accurata ricostruzione dell'internamento a Campagna da parte dell'ebreo di Fiume Eugenio Lipschitz […]
  5. Mario Avagliano; Marco Palmieri (2011). Gli ebrei sotto la persecuzione in Italia. Diari e lettere 1938–1945[The Jews under persecution in Italy. Diaries and letters 1938–1945] (in Italian). Turin: Einaudi. Contains excerpts and quotations from the diary entries of Eugenio Lipschitz.
  6. Eugenio Lipschitz (2015). "Una storia Ebraica" [A Jewish history]. La finestra della libertà. Frontiera per un'altra Europa. Storia degli internati ebrei di Campagna[The window of freedom. Border for another Europe. History of the Jewish country internees]. By Giuseppina Di Stasi; Renato Mazzei. Studies & essays, volume 78 (in Italian). Rome: EdUP. pp. 37–86. ISBN   978-88-8421-273-3. Contains excerpts from the diary entries of Eugenio Lipschitz.
  7. "Name: Giannetta Zipszer". I Nomi della Shoah Italiana (Memorial to the Victims of 1943 - 1945 Anti-Jewish Persecution). Retrieved 11 Dec 2016. Giannetta Zipszer, daughter of Alberto Zipszer and Rosa Altmann. She was born in Hungary, in Mad, on June 18 1893. She was married with Eugenio Lipschitz. She was arrested in Rijeka (Rijeka). She was deported to the extermination camp of Auschwitz. She did not survive the Shoah.
  8. "ZIPSZER ALBERT", Footsteps of Wonder Rabbis, retrieved on 29 Dec 2016.
  9. "ALTMANN ROZÁLIA", Footsteps of Wonder Rabbis, retrieved on 29 Dec 2016.
  10. "ZIPSZER HERMAN", Footsteps of Wonder Rabbis, retrieved on 29 Dec 2016.
Map all coordinates using: OpenStreetMap  
Download coordinates as: KML  ·  GPX