Suleiman Moini | |
|---|---|
| Born | Mahabad 1933 Iran |
| Died | 1968 Iraq |
| Nationality | Kurdish |
| Other names | Faiq Amin |
| Known for | Politics |
| Partner | Maryam Yazdanfar |
Suleiman Moini was an Iranian Kurdish political activist. After the collapse of the 1946 republic, the political activities of the Kurds in Iran declined. Some of the 1946 political activists went to Iraqi Kurdistan and later joined the rebellion of Mustafa Barzani in the 1960s. [1]
Suleiman Moini, in spite of being young was already an experienced freedom fighter. In the 1960s, he had been the most respected member in the KDPI collective leadership. For eighteen months, during 1967 and 1968, the KDPI led an armed combat against the Shah's heavily armed troops. In the end, the majority of its members were massacred. The party was decapitated. [2]
Suleiman's remains, riddled with bullets, were attached to a ladder with a notice around his neck that said: "Suleiman Moini - this is how traitors die". The regime's hired ruffians carried the ladder with his body from village to village to dissuade the population from opposing the Shah. [3]
Suleiman Moeini was born in January 1933 in Mahabad. His father, Mohammad Amin Moeini, was the Minister of Government of the Republic of Mahabad during the time of Qazi Mohammad. Moeini continued his education in the cities of Mahabad, Tabriz and Tehran. Unfortunately, in May 1968, Suleiman Moeini, one of the prominent revolutionary leaders of Rojehlat in Kurdistan, was assassinated by the Iraqi Kurdistan Democratic Party, led by Mullah Mustafa Barzani, and his body was handed over to SAVAK forces and the Pahlavi government of Iran. [4]
From 1946 to the 1979 Iranian revolution, the only major event was a short period of armed struggle from 1967 to 1968 led by a revolutionary group of KDP cadres; the non tribal leaders of this armed struggle were Sulaiman Moini, Smail Sharifzadeh, and Malla Aware. The KDP revolutionary group wanted to have military activities against the Iranian regime instead of joining the rebellion of Barzani in Iraqi Kurdistan. The armed clashes lasted for a few months as they were under attack inside both Iranian and Iraqi Kurdistan. Barzani's forces, because of their military and financial reliance on the Shah's regime in the 1960s, cooperated with the Persian military forces. In 1967 several members of the KDPI, including Ismail Sharifzadeh, Qadir Sharif, and Suleiman Moini, left Ahmad Tawfiq's KDPI. They stressed on military struggles against Tehran. [5]
Suleyman Moini was executed by M. Mustafa Barzanî on May 15, 1968, and his funeral was given to Iran. He hung out the Iranian funeral for days. Massoud Barzani in his book Barzanî and the Kurdish rebellion, said: "We shot Suleyman Mooni and gave his funeral to Iran". [6]
The Patriotic Union of Kurdistan is a political party active in Kurdistan Region and the disputed territories in Iraq. The PUK describes its goals as self-determination, human rights, democracy and peace for the Kurdish people of Kurdistan and Iraq. The PUK is currently under the leadership of Bafel Talabani. The PUK was founded in 1975 by Jalal Talabani, Nawshirwan Mustafa, Fuad Masum, Adel Murad, Ali Askari and Abdul Razaq Feyli Dawood Mohammed Ali. All presidents of Iraq under the 2005 constitution have been from this party.

Mustafa Barzani, also known as Mullah Mustafa, was a Kurdish leader, general and one of the most prominent political figures in modern Kurdish politics.
The flag of Kurdistan is the flag of Kurds and was created by the Society for the Rise of Kurdistan in 1920. It would later, in different variants, be adopted as the national flag of different Kurdish states including Republic of Ararat, Republic of Mahabad and most recently by Kurdistan Region in 1992. Moreover, the Kingdom of Kurdistan used the crescent flag which was also considered a Kurdish flag.
Idris Barzani was a Kurdish politician in the Kurdistan Region. He was the brother of Massoud Barzani, the former president of the Kurdistan Region and the father of Nechervan Idris Barzani, the current president of the Kurdistan Region. He was often on diplomatic trips for the Kurdistan Democratic Party. He died on January 31, 1987, of a heart attack.
The Democratic Party of Iranian Kurdistan, also known as the Kurdish Democratic Party of Iran (KDPI), is an armed leftist separatist movement of Kurds, exiled in northern Iraq. It is banned in Iran and thus not able to operate openly. The group calls for either separatism in Iran or a federal system
Kurds in Iran constitute a large minority in the country with a population of around 9 and 10 million people.
Masoud Barzani is a Kurdish politician who has been leader of the Kurdistan Democratic Party (KDP) since 1979, and was President of the Kurdistan Region of Iraq from 2005 to 2017.
The Kurdistan Democratic Party, usually abbreviated as KDP or PDK, is the ruling party in Iraqi Kurdistan and the senior partner in the Kurdistan Regional Government. It was founded in 1946 in Mahabad in Iranian Kurdistan. The party states that it combines "democratic values and social justice to form a system whereby everyone in Kurdistan can live on an equal basis with great emphasis given to rights of individuals and freedom of expression."
Nawshirwan Mustafa was an Iraqi Kurdish politician who served as the General Coordinator of the Movement for Change and the leader of the opposition in the Kurdistan Region from 1 April 2009 to his death on 19 May 2017.

The 1983–1986 Kurdish rebellions in Iraq occurred during the Iran–Iraq War as PUK and KDP Kurdish militias of Iraqi Kurdistan rebelled against Saddam Hussein as part of the Iraqi–Kurdish conflict, in an attempt to form an independent state. With Iraqi government forces occupied by the Iran-Iraq War, Kurdish Peshmerga succeeded in taking control of some enclaves, with Iranian logistic and sometimes military support. The initial rebellion resulted in stalemate by 1985.
The Republic of Mahabad, also referred to as the Republic of Kurdistan, was a short-lived Kurdish self-governing unrecognized state in present-day Iran, from 22 January to 15 December 1946. The Republic of Mahabad, a puppet state of the Soviet Union, arose alongside the Azerbaijan People's Government, a similarly short-lived unrecognized Soviet puppet state.
Ali Askari (1936–1978) was a Kurdish politician, military leader, and revolutionary. He was a prominent leader in Iraqi Kurdistan and his political party was the Patriotic Union of Kurdistan (PUK).
The First Iraqi–Kurdish War, also known as the September Revolution, was a major event of the Iraqi–Kurdish conflict, lasting from 1961 until 1970. The struggle was led by Mustafa Barzani, in an attempt to establish an independent Kurdistan. Throughout the 1960s, the uprising escalated into a long war, which failed to resolve despite internal power changes in Iraq. During the war, 80% of the Iraqi army was engaged in combat with the Kurds. The war ended with a stalemate in 1970, resulting in between 75,000 to 105,000 casualties. A series of Iraqi–Kurdish negotiations followed the war in an attempt to resolve the conflict. The negotiations led to the Iraqi–Kurdish Autonomy Agreement of 1970.
The Iraqi–Kurdish conflict consists of a series of wars, rebellions and disputes between the Kurds and the central authority of Iraq starting in the 20th century shortly after the defeat of the Ottoman Empire in World War I. Some put the marking point of the conflict beginning to the attempt by Mahmud Barzanji to establish an independent Kingdom of Kurdistan, while others relate to the conflict as only the post-1961 insurrection by the Barzanis.
Kurdish separatism in Iran or the Kurdish–Iranian conflict is an ongoing, long-running, separatist dispute between the Kurdish opposition in Western Iran and the governments of Iran, lasting since the emergence of Reza Shah Pahlavi in 1918.
The 1979 Kurdish rebellion in Iran was one of the largest nationwide uprisings in the country against the new state following the Iranian Revolution. The Kurdish rebellion began in mid-March, just two months after the Revolution ended, and was one of the most intense Kurdish rebellions in modern Iran.
The 1967 Kurdish revolt in Iran erupted in March 1967, as part of the long-running Iranian-Kurdish conflict. Abrahamian describes the revolt as a Marxist insurgency with the aim of establishing autonomy for Kurds in Iran, modeled as a federal republic. The revolt, consolidating several tribal uprisings which had begun in 1966, was inspired by the First Iraqi–Kurdish War in neighboring Iraq and enjoyed the support of the recovering Kurdish Democratic Party of Iran, previously crushed during the 1946 Iran crisis. The 1967 revolt, coordinated into a semi-organized campaign in the Mahabad-Urumiya region by the revived KDPI party, was entirely subdued by the central Iranian government.
The Peshmerga have historically been Kurdish guerrilla forces combating the ruling power in the region of what is now Iraqi Kurdistan. Under Mahmud Barzanji, the Peshmerga fought against the British Empire after World War I. They also spearheaded revolts against the Iraqi government in 1931–1932 and against Iran in 1946–1947. Under the leadership of Mustafa Barzani, Peshmerga forces fought the Iraqi government in the First and Second Iraqi–Kurdish Wars of the 1960s and 1970s, and supported Iran in the Iran–Iraq War of the 1980s. The Peshmerga became divided between forces loyal to the Kurdistan Democratic Party (KDP) and those loyal to the Patriotic Union of Kurdistan (PUK), a split that led to the Iraqi Kurdish Civil War of 1995–1998. After the 2003 invasion of Iraq, the Peshmerga became the official military forces of the Kurdistan Region, ruled by a KDP-PUK coalition. The Peshmerga have played an important role in re-taking territory occupied by Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant.
Iranian Kurdistan or Eastern Kurdistan is an unofficial name for the parts of northwestern Iran with either a majority or sizable population of Kurds. Geographically, it includes the West Azerbaijan Province, Kurdistan Province, Kermanshah Province, Ilam Province and parts of Hamadan Province and Lorestan Province.
Abdullah Mohtadi is the leader and secretary general of Komala Party of Iranian Kurdistan.