East Pakistan was the eastern province of Pakistan between 1955 and 1971,restructured and renamed from the province of East Bengal and covering the territory of the modern country of Bangladesh. Its land borders were with India and Burma,with a coastline on the Bay of Bengal. East Pakistanis were popularly known as "Pakistani Bengalis";to distinguish this region from India's state West Bengal,East Pakistan was known as "Pakistani Bengal". In 1971,East Pakistan became the newly independent state Bangladesh,which means "country of Bengal" or "country of Bengalis" in Bengali language.
The history of Bangladesh dates back over four millennia to the Chalcolithic period. The region's early history was characterized by a succession of Hindu and Buddhist kingdoms and empires that fought for control over the Bengal region. Islam arrived in the 8th century and gradually became dominant from the early 13th century with the conquests led by Bakhtiyar Khalji and the activities of Sunni missionaries like Shah Jalal. Muslim rulers promoted the spread of Islam by building mosques across the region. From the 14th century onward,Bengal was ruled by the Bengal Sultanate,founded by Fakhruddin Mubarak Shah,who established an individual currency. The Bengal Sultanate expanded under rulers like Shamsuddin Ilyas Shah,leading to economic prosperity and military dominance,with Bengal being referred to by Europeans as the richest country to trade with. The region later became a part of the Mughal Empire,and according to historian C. A. Bayly,it was probably the empire's wealthiest province.
The Bangladesh Armed Forces are the military forces of the People's Republic of Bangladesh. They consist of the three uniformed military services:the Bangladesh Army,the Bangladesh Navy,and the Bangladesh Air Force. The Armed Forces are under the jurisdiction of the Ministry of Defence of the Government of Bangladesh,and are directly administered by the Armed Forces Division of the Prime Minister's Office. The President of Bangladesh serves as the Commander-in-Chief of the Bangladesh Armed Forces. Bangladesh has the third-largest defence budget in South Asia. The Bangladeshi military is the 37th strongest in the world and the third most powerful military force in South Asia. Border Guard Bangladesh and Bangladesh Coast Guard are under the jurisdiction of the Ministry of Home Affairs during peacetime,but during wartime,they fall under the command of the Bangladesh Army and the Bangladesh Navy,respectively.
The Indian Navy is the maritime branch of the Indian Armed Forces. The President of India is the Supreme Commander of the Indian Navy. The Chief of Naval Staff,a four-star admiral,commands the navy. As a blue-water navy,it operates significantly in the Persian Gulf Region,the Horn of Africa,the Strait of Malacca,and routinely conducts anti-piracy operations and partners with other navies in the region. It also conducts routine two to three month-long deployments in the South and East China seas as well as in the western Mediterranean sea simultaneously.
The Pakistan Navy (PN) is the naval warfare branch of the Pakistan Armed Forces. The Chief of the Naval Staff a four-star admiral,commands the navy and is a member of the Joint Chiefs of Staff Committee. The Pakistan Navy operates on the coastline of Pakistan in the Arabian Sea and Gulf of Oman. It was established in August 1947,following the independence of Pakistan from the United Kingdom.
Shahabuddin Ahmed was a Bangladeshi politician who served as the president of Bangladesh from 1996 to 2001,and the chief justice of Bangladesh from 1990 to 1995. He previously served as the acting president during 1990–91 when Hussain Muhammad Ershad resigned from the post. He headed an interim government and held a general election in February 1991.
PNS/M Ghazi (S–130),SJ,was a Tench-class diesel-electric submarine,the first fast-attack submarine in the Pakistan Navy. She was leased from the United States Navy in 1963.
Admiral Shahid KarimullahNI(M) HI(M) SJ SI(M) LoM LoH PGAT BJSN is a former officer of Pakistan Navy who served as the country's Chief of Naval Staff from 2002 until 2005.
Bangladesh's military history is intertwined with the history of a larger region,including present-day India,Pakistan,Nepal,Bhutan and Myanmar. The country was historically part of Bengal –a major power in South Asia and Southeast Asia.
Vice Admiral Syed Mohammad AhsanHQA,SPk,DSC,DMM,LOM often known as S. M. Ahsan,was a senior admiral of the Pakistan Navy who was the Commander in Chief of the Pakistan Navy,serving under President Ayub Khan from 1966 until 1969.
Noman BashirNI(M) HI(M) SI(M) TI(M) LoM was a Pakistan Navy admiral who served as the 18th Chief of Naval Staff (CNS) from 7 October 2008 until retiring on 7 October 2011.
Admiral Tariq Kamal KhanNI(M) HI(M) SI(M) LoM,is a retired four-star rank admiral and a former diplomat who served as a Chief of Naval Staff (CNS) of Pakistan Navy from being appointed in 1983 until retiring from his service in 1986.
Admiral Mohammad ShariffNI(M) HJ HI(M) LoM,was a Pakistani senior admiral who served as the 2nd Chairman of Joint Chiefs of Staff Committee and a memoirist who was at the center of all the major decisions made in Pakistan in the events involving the war with India in 1971,the enforcement of martial law in the country in 1977,and the decision in covertly intervening against Soviet Union in Afghanistan.
Admiral Iftikhar Ahmed SiroheyNI(M) HI(M) SBt OM BJSN LoM is a retired four-star rank admiral,strategist,and a memoirist who is currently tenuring his fellowship at the Institute of Strategic Studies (ISS) in Islamabad,Pakistan.
Vice Admiral Afzal Akram Rahman Khan,HQA,HPk,HJ,was a Pakistan Navy admiral,politician,and the Commander in Chief of the Pakistan Navy,serving under President Ayub Khan from 1959 until 1966. He is noted for being the longest serving commander-in-chief of navy and was responsible for launching and introducing the submarine program in the navy.
Vice Admiral Muzzafar HassanSPk,HQA,Sk,was a Pakistan Navy senior admiral who served as the last Commander-in-Chief of Pakistan Navy from 1969 until 1972,serving under first President Yahya Khan and then under President Zulfikar Ali Bhutto.
Mahbub Ali Khan was a Bangladesh Navy rear admiral and the chief of naval staff from 1979 until his death in 1984. He is known for his heroic actions for his country. Under him,the South Talpatti sandbar and other emerging islands in the Bay of Bengal,over which both India and Bangladesh claimed sovereignty,remained under the authority of Bangladesh. He is also known for reducing piracy in the Bay of Bengal and was responsible for maintaining the security of the Bay and the Sundarbans.
The 1982 coup d'état was a military coup by Lt. Gen. Hussain Muhammad Ershad,the then-Chief of Army Staff of Bangladesh,against President Abdus Sattar. After serving initially as the Chief Martial Law Administrator and installing a civilian president,Justice A. F. M. Ahsanuddin Chowdhury,Ershad assumed presidency in 1983 and ruled until 1990.
The Indo-Pakistani Naval War of 1971 refers to the maritime military engagements between the Indian Navy and the Pakistan Navy during the Indo-Pakistani War of 1971. The series of naval operations began with the Indian Navy's exertion of pressure on Pakistan from the Indian Ocean,while the Indian Army and Indian Air Force moved in to choke Pakistani forces operating in East Pakistan on land. Indian naval operations comprised naval interdiction,air defence,ground support,and logistics missions.
Vice Admiral Mihir Kumar 'Micky' Roy,PVSM,AVSM was a flag officer in the Indian Navy. He last served as the Flag Officer Commanding-in-Chief Eastern Naval Command.
Navy Cross 
PPM (bsr) 
Pakistan (before 1971)
Bangladesh 
Pakistan Navy 
Bangladesh Navy 
Bangladesh Coast Guard 
Rear admiral 