Sultanate of Swat

Not to be confused with Swat (princely state) or Sultan of Swat.

The Sultanate of Swat was a medieval Dardic ^[1] kingdom centred around the city of Manglawar between the 12th and 16th centuries. It was strongest of the several Dardic-speaking states in the region, ^[2] and encompassed the present-day Malakand, Buner, Panjkora and Swat Valleys. ^{[3] [4]}

The kingdom bordered Hazara-i-Karlugh to the east, Peshawar Valley to the south, Bajaur to the west and the Kohistan region to the north. ^[5] The last notable ruler was Sultan Awes Jahangiri, ^{[5] [4]} during whose reign Swat was ultimately conquered between 1510 and 1518 after a series of battles by Yousafza'i Pashtuns under the leadership of Malik Ahmad Baba. ^[6] This led to the Pashtunization of the Swat and Dir regions along with the migration of Dardic speakers to Swat Kohistan and Dir Kohistan. ^[6] Some accounts trace the origins of Shah Mir dynasty of Kashmir from these rulers of Swat. ^[7]

References

1. Arlinghaus (1988), pp. 190–191: The family of the sultans of Swat and the nobility spoke Gibri, the Dardic language of Bajaur, and the common people spoke Yadri, another Dardic language.
2. Arlinghaus (1988), p. 177: The Jahangiri sultans of Swat were most powerful of several local rulers in the Dardic-speaking regions.
3. Arlinghaus (1988), p. 177.
4. Inam-ur-Rahim & Viaro (2002), p. 68.
5. Arlinghaus (1988), p. 191.
6. Arlinghaus (1988), p. 193.
7. Hasan (2023), p. 42.

Sources

• Arlinghaus, Joseph Theodore (1988). The Transformation of Afghan Tribal Society: Tribal Expansion, Mughal Imperialism and the Roshaniyya Insurrection, 1450–1600. Duke University. OCLC   247004965.
• Inam-ur-Rahim; Viaro, Alain M. (2002). Swat: An Afghan Society in Pakistan: Urbanisation and Change in Tribal Environment. Karachi: City Press. ISBN   978-969-8380-55-7.
• Hasan, Mohibbul (2023). Kashmir Under the Sultans. London: Routledge. ISBN   978-1-032-66670-9.

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