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A cerebral arteriovenous malformation is an abnormal connection between the arteries and veins in the brain—specifically, an arteriovenous malformation in the cerebrum.
Neurosurgery, or neurological surgery, is the medical specialty concerned with the prevention, diagnosis, surgical treatment, and rehabilitation of disorders which affect any portion of the nervous system including the brain, spinal cord, peripheral nerves, and extra-cranial cerebrovascular system.
Radiosurgery is surgery using radiation, that is, the destruction of precisely selected areas of tissue using ionizing radiation rather than excision with a blade. Like other forms of radiation therapy, it is usually used to treat cancer. Radiosurgery was originally defined by the Swedish neurosurgeon Lars Leksell as "a single high dose fraction of radiation, stereotactically directed to an intracranial region of interest".
Microsurgery is a general term for surgery requiring an operating microscope. The most obvious developments have been procedures developed to allow anastomosis of successively smaller blood vessels and nerves which have allowed transfer of tissue from one part of the body to another and re-attachment of severed parts. Microsurgical techniques are utilized by several specialties today, such as: general surgery, ophthalmology, orthopedic surgery, gynecological surgery, otolaryngology, neurosurgery, oral and maxillofacial surgery, plastic surgery, podiatric surgery and pediatric surgery.
Robotic surgery, computer-assisted surgery, and robotically-assisted surgery are terms for technological developments that use robotic systems to aid in surgical procedures. Robotically-assisted surgery was developed to overcome the limitations of pre-existing minimally-invasive surgical procedures and to enhance the capabilities of surgeons performing open surgery.
A colloid cyst is a tumor containing gelatinous material in the brain. It is almost always found just posterior to the foramen of Monro in the anterior aspect of the third ventricle, originating from the roof of the ventricle. Because of its location, it can cause obstructive hydrocephalus and increased intracranial pressure. Colloid cysts represent 0.5–1% of intracranial tumors.
NeuroArm is an engineering research surgical robot specifically designed for neurosurgery. It is the first image-guided, MR-compatible surgical robot that has the capability to perform both microsurgery and stereotaxy.
Neuronavigation is the set of computer-assisted technologies used by neurosurgeons to guide or "navigate” within the confines of the skull or vertebral column during surgery, and used by psychiatrists to accurately target rTMS. The set of hardware for these purposes is referred to as a neuronavigator.
The CyberKnife System is a radiation therapy device manufactured by Accuray Incorporated. The system is used to deliver radiosurgery for the treatment of benign tumors, malignant tumors and other medical conditions.
Patient registration is the concept and set of methods needed to correlate the reference position of a virtual 3D dataset gathered by computer medical imaging with the reference position of the patient. This procedure is crucial in computer assisted surgery, in order to insure the reproducitibility of the preoperative registration and the clinical situation during surgery. The use of the term "patient registration" out of this context can lead to a confusion with the procedure of registering a patient into the files of a medical institution.
The surgical planning is the preoperative method of pre-visualising a surgical intervention, in order to predefine the surgical steps and furthermore the bone segment navigation in the context of computer-assisted surgery. The surgical planning is most important in neurosurgery and oral and maxillofacial surgery. The transfer of the surgical planning to the patient is generally made using a medical navigation system.
Allan J. Hamilton is an American physician and medical consultant to ABC's medical drama Grey’s Anatomy based in Tucson, Arizona. A professor of Neurosurgery at University of Arizona, Dr. Hamilton was elected a Fellow of the American College of Surgeons in 1994. In 1995, Dr. Hamilton was promoted to Chief of Neurosurgery and became the Chairman of the entire Department of Surgery in 1998. He currently holds a tenured professorship in Neurosurgery, as well as additional professorships in the Departments of Psychology, Radiation Oncology, and the School of Electrical and Computer Engineering. His book “The Scalpel and the Soul: Encounters with Surgery, the Supernatural, and the Healing Power of Hope” was released in March 2008. It has been translated into several languages. He is currently at work on a second book on spirituality and horsemanship, specifically on the sexual impulses of mature mares.
Nicholas Theodore is an American neurosurgeon and researcher at Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine. He is known for his work in spinal trauma, robotics and personalized medicine. He is Director of the Neurosurgical Spine Program at Johns Hopkins and Co-Director of the Carnegie Center for Surgical Innovation at Johns Hopkins.
Curtis Dickman is an American Neurosurgeon at Barrow Neurological Institute, and is recognized internationally for his pioneering work in the field of Thoracoscopic Neurosurgery. He serves as Director of the Spine Research Laboratory and Associate Chief of the Spine Section at Barrow Neurological Institute.
Fluorescence guided surgery (FGS), is a medical imaging technique used to detect fluorescently labelled structures during surgery. Similarly to standard image-guided surgery, FGS has the purpose of guiding the surgical procedure and providing the surgeon of real time visualization of the operating field. When compared to other medical imaging modalities, FGS is cheaper and superior in terms of resolution and number of molecules detectable. As a drawback, penetration depth is usually very poor in the visible wavelengths, but it can reach up to 1–2 cm when excitation wavelengths in the near infrared are used.
Mazor Robotics is an Israeli medical device company and manufacturer of a robotic guidance system for spine surgery.
James Rutka is a Canadian neurosurgeon from Toronto, Canada, and the RS McLaughlin Professor and Chair of the Department of Surgery in the Faculty of Medicine at the University of Toronto. He subspecializes in pediatric neurosurgery at The Hospital for Sick Children, and is a Senior Scientist in the Research Institute at Sick Kids. His main clinical interests include the neurosurgical treatment of children with brain tumours and epilepsy. His research interests lie in the molecular biology of human brain tumours – specifically in the determination of the mechanisms by which brain tumours grow and invade. He is the Director of the Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumour Research Centre at Sick Kids, and Editor-in-Chief of the Journal of Neurosurgery.
The Dextroscope is a Virtual Reality (VR) environment designed to provide medical professionals with deeper understanding of a patient's complex 3D anatomical relationships and pathology. Although its main intended purpose is to enable surgeons to plan a surgical procedure, it has also proven useful in research in cardiology , radiology and medical education. The Dextroscope was designed to be a practical variation of Virtual Reality which introduced an alternative to the prevalent trend of full immersion of the 1990s. Instead of immersing the whole user into a virtual reality, it just immersed the hands of the neurosurgeon into the patient data. The Dextroscope started as a research project in the mid-90s with the name The Virtual Workbench and started commercialization in 2000 with the incorporation of the company Volume Interactions Pte Ltd.
Neuroplastic or neuroplastic and reconstructive surgery is the surgical specialty involved in reconstruction or restoration of patients who undergo surgery of the central or peripheral nervous system. The field includes a wide variety of surgical procedures that seek to restore or replace a patient’s skull, scalp, dura, the spine and/or its overlying tissues.
William T. Couldwell M.D., Ph.D., a neurosurgeon, was born in British Columbia, Canada. He is Professor and Chairman of the Department of Neurosurgery at the University of Utah, a position he assumed in 2001.
References
- ↑ Amin, DV; Lunsford, LD (2004). "Volumetric resection using the SurgiScope: a quantitative accuracy analysis of robot-assisted resection". Stereotact. Funct. Neurosurg. 82 (5-6): 250–3. doi:10.1159/000083177. PMID 15637447.
- ↑ Roberts, David W. (1999). Streotactic guidance with the Operating Microscope: SurgiScope, in Advanced Neurosurgical Navigation. Thieme. p. 333. ISBN 9780865777675.
- ↑ Hasse, J. (1999). "Image-guided neurosurgery/neuronavigation/the SurgiScope--reflexions on a theme". Minim Invasive Neurosurg. 42: 53. doi:10.1055/s-2008-1053370.
- ↑ Hasse, J. (1997). "Surgiscope : initial experience and perspectives for the future". Computer Aided Surgery. 5. 2: 310.
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