Surgically facilitated orthodontic therapy

Last updated

Surgically facilitated orthodontic therapy(SFOT) is a group of orthodontic procedures; they can be broadly divided into two main categories. [1]

Types

The less invasive type uses alveolar corticotomies and is aimed at augmenting the alveolar bone deficiencies and shortening the orthodontic treatment time. Such procedures may also be referred to as accelerated osteogenic orthodontics (AOO), periodontally accelerated osteogenic orthodontics (PAOO), corticotomy-assisted orthodontic treatment (CAOT), selective alveolar decortication (SAD), or corticotomy-facilitated orthodontics (CFO) a.k.a. speedy orthodontics. [2] Various techniques have been introduced, but they mainly involve creating corticotomies in the alveolar bone, creating a Regional Acceleratory Phenomenon (RAP) that leads to increased bone turnover, decreased mineral content of the alveolar bone, and thus faster tooth movement and bone remodeling. [3] [4] [5] These techniques also underlie PAOO, where simultaneous bone augmentation with particulate bone graft (allgraft/xenograft) and collagen membrane were added in order to correct a deficient alveolar bone (dehiscences and fenestrations) that is often associated with gingival recessions. [6] [7] Various flap design modifications have been suggested, including the full-thickness mucoperiosteal flap reflection or the VISTA approach. [8] In certain circumstances, modifications to the procedure using piezosurgical devices or without any flap elevation have been attempted. [2]

The second category uses the principles of osteodistraction and osteotomies to facilitate correction of often severe malocclusions, such as rapid maxillary expansion to correct a narrow maxilla or closure of large clefts in cleft palate patients. [9]

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Cleft lip and cleft palate</span> Medical condition

A cleft lip contains an opening in the upper lip that may extend into the nose. The opening may be on one side, both sides, or in the middle. A cleft palate occurs when the palate contains an opening into the nose. The term orofacial cleft refers to either condition or to both occurring together. These disorders can result in feeding problems, speech problems, hearing problems, and frequent ear infections. Less than half the time the condition is associated with other disorders.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Orthognathic surgery</span> Surgery of the jaw

Orthognathic surgery, also known as corrective jaw surgery or simply jaw surgery, is surgery designed to correct conditions of the jaw and lower face related to structure, growth, airway issues including sleep apnea, TMJ disorders, malocclusion problems primarily arising from skeletal disharmonies, and other orthodontic dental bite problems that cannot be treated easily with braces, as well as the broad range of facial imbalances, disharmonies, asymmetries, and malproportions where correction may be considered to improve facial aesthetics and self-esteem.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Malocclusion</span> Medical condition

In orthodontics, a malocclusion is a misalignment or incorrect relation between the teeth of the upper and lower dental arches when they approach each other as the jaws close. The English-language term dates from 1864; Edward Angle (1855-1930), the "father of modern orthodontics", popularised it. The word "malocclusion" derives from occlusion, and refers to the manner in which opposing teeth meet.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Alveolar process</span> Bulge on jaws holding teeth

The alveolar process or alveolar bone is the thickened ridge of bone that contains the tooth sockets on the jaw bones. The structures are covered by gums as part of the oral cavity.

Laser surgery is a type of surgery that uses a laser to cut tissue.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Sinus lift</span>

Maxillary sinus floor augmentation is a surgical procedure which aims to increase the amount of bone in the posterior maxilla, in the area of the premolar and molar teeth, by lifting the lower Schneiderian membrane and placing a bone graft.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Osteonecrosis of the jaw</span> Medical condition

Osteonecrosis of the jaw (ONJ) is a severe bone disease (osteonecrosis) that affects the jaws. Various forms of ONJ have been described since 1861, and a number of causes have been suggested in the literature.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Crown lengthening</span> Dental procedure

Crown lengthening is a surgical procedure performed by a dentist, or more frequently a periodontist, where more tooth is exposed by removing some of the gingival margin (gum) and supporting bone. Crown lengthening can also be achieved orthodontically by extruding the tooth.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Unicompartmental knee arthroplasty</span>

Unicompartmental knee arthroplasty (UKA) is a surgical procedure used to relieve arthritis in one of the knee compartments in which the damaged parts of the knee are replaced. UKA surgery may reduce post-operative pain and have a shorter recovery period than a total knee replacement procedure, particularly in people over 75 years of age. Moreover, UKAs may require a smaller incision, less tissue damage, and faster recovery times.

Neuralgia-inducing cavitational osteonecrosis (NICO) is a diagnosis whereby a putative jawbone cavitation causes chronic facial neuralgia; this is different from osteonecrosis of the jaw. In NICO the pain is said to result from the degenerating nerve ("neuralagia"). The condition is probably rare, if it does exist.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Jaw abnormality</span> Medical condition

A jaw abnormality is a disorder in the formation, shape and/or size of the jaw. In general abnormalities arise within the jaw when there is a disturbance or fault in the fusion of the mandibular processes. The mandible in particular has the most differential typical growth anomalies than any other bone in the human skeleton. This is due to variants in the complex symmetrical growth pattern which formulates the mandible.

A barrier membrane is a device used in oral surgery and periodontal surgery to prevent epithelium, which regenerates relatively quickly, from growing into an area in which another, more slowly growing tissue type, such as bone, is desired. Such a method of preventing epithelial migration into a specific area is known as guided tissue regeneration (GTR).

<span class="mw-page-title-main">C-terminal telopeptide</span> Chemical compound

The C-terminal telopeptide (CTX), also known as carboxy-terminal collagen crosslinks, is the C-terminal telopeptide of fibrillar collagens such as collagen type I and type II. It is used as a biomarker in the serum to measure the rate of bone turnover. It can be useful in assisting clinicians to determine a patient's nonsurgical treatment response as well as evaluate a patient's risk of developing complications during healing following surgical intervention. The test used to detect the CTX marker is called the Serum CrossLaps, and it is more specific to bone resorption than any other test currently available.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Hip prosthesis zones</span>

After hip replacement, hip prosthesis zones are regions in the interface between prosthesis material and the surrounding bone. These are used as reference regions when describing for example complications including hip prosthesis loosening on medical imaging. Postoperative controls after hip replacement surgery is routinely done by projectional radiography in anteroposterior and lateral views.

Tooth ankylosis refers to a fusion between a tooth and underlying bony support tissues. In some species, this is a normal process that occurs during the formation or maintenance of the dentition. By contrast, in humans tooth ankylosis is pathological, whereby a fusion between alveolar bone and the cementum of a tooth occurs.

Laser gingivectomy is a dental procedure that recontours or scalpels the gingival tissue to improve long term dental health or aesthetics. Compared to conventional scalpel surgery, soft-tissue dental lasers, such as Laser diode, Nd:YAG laser, Er:YAG laser, Er,Cr:YSGG laser, and CO2 lasers, can perform this procedure, offering a precise, stable, bloodless, often less painful, and accelerated healing experience. However, the Laser diode gained more popularity due to its versatility, less interaction with hard tissue, ease of use, and the less expensive set up.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Alveolar cleft grafting</span>

Alveolar cleft grafting is a surgical procedure, used to repair the defect in the upper jaw that is associated with cleft lip and palate, where the bone defect is filled with bone or bone substitute, and any holes between the mouth and the nose are closed.

It is estimated that nearly 30% of the general population present with malocclusions that are in great need of orthodontic treatment. However, the term dentofacial deformity describes an array of dental and maxillo-mandibular abnormalities, often presenting with a malocclusion, which is not amenable to orthodontic treatment alone and definitive treatment needs surgical alignment of upper/lower jaws or both. Individuals with dentofacial deformities often present with lower quality of life and compromised functions with respect to breathing, swallowing, chewing, speech articulation, and lip closure/posture. It is estimated that about 5% of general population present with dentofacial deformities that are not amenable to orthodontic treatment only.

Regional acceleratory phenomenon (RAP) is a sudden acceleration of normal tissue processes in reaction to noxious stimuli. It has been exploited in treatments such as the healing of atrophic or oligotrophic nonunions and surgically facilitated orthodontic therapy.

The orthodontic implant site-switching technique uses orthodontic tooth movement to augment the deficient alveolar bone in preparation for implant placement while obviating or reducing the need for bone grafting.

References

  1. ↑ Roblee, RD, Bolding, SL, Landers, JM (2009). "Surgically Facilitated Orthodontic Therapy: A New Tool for Optimal Interdisciplinary Results". Compend Contin Educ Dent. 30 (5): 264–75. PMID   19514261.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  2. 1 2 Lee, Won (2018). "Corticotomy for orthodontic tooth movement". Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons. 44 (6): 251–258. doi:10.5125/jkaoms.2018.44.6.251. ISSN   2234-7550. PMC   6327016 . PMID   30637238.
  3. ↑ Wilcko, WM, Wilcko, T, Bouquot, JE, Ferguson, DJ (2001). "Rapid orthodontics with alveolar reshaping: two case reports of decrowding". Int J Periodontics Restorative Dent. 21 (1): 9–19. PMID   11829041.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  4. ↑ Frost, HM (1989). "The biology of fracture healing. An overview for clinicians. Part I". Clin Orthop Relat Res. 248 (248): 283–293. PMID   2680202.
  5. ↑ Frost, HM (1989). "The biology of fracture healing. An overview for clinicians. Part II". Clin Orthop Relat Res. 248 (248): 294–309. PMID   2680203.
  6. ↑ Nowzari, H, Yorita, FK, Chang, HC (2008). "Periodontally accelerated osteogenic orthodontics combined with autogenous bone grafting". Compend Contin Educ Dent. 29 (4): 200–6. PMID   18533317.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  7. ↑ Wilcko, MT, Wilcko, WM, Pulver, JJ, Bissada, NF, Bouquot, JE (2009). "Accelerated osteogenic orthodontics technique: a 1-stage surgically facilitated rapid orthodontic technique with alveolar augmentation". J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 67 (10): 2149–59. doi: 10.1016/j.joms.2009.04.095 . PMID   19761908.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  8. ↑ Zadeh, HH, Borzabadi-Farahani, A, Fotovat, M, Kim, SH (2019). "Vestibular Incision Subperiosteal Tunnel Access (VISTA) for Surgically Facilitated Orthodontic Therapy (SFOT)". Contemp Clin Dent. 10 (3): 548–553. doi: 10.4103/ccd.ccd_720_18 . PMC   7150560 . PMID   32308335.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  9. ↑ Yen, SL, Yamashita, DD, Kim, TH, Baek, HS, Gross, J (2019). "Closure of an unusually large palatal fistula in a cleft patient by bony transport and corticotomy-assisted expansion". J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 61 (11): 1346–50. doi:10.1016/s0278-2391(03)00738-9. PMID   14613093.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
This page is based on this Wikipedia article
Text is available under the CC BY-SA 4.0 license; additional terms may apply.
Images, videos and audio are available under their respective licenses.