T-cell vaccine

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A T-cell vaccine is a vaccine designed to induce protective T-cells. [1] It is not a vaccine whereby T-cells are administered to the patient.

T-cell vaccines are designed to induce cellular immunity. They are also referred to as cell-mediated immune (CMI) vaccines. [2]

It is believed that CMI vaccines can be more effective than conventional B-cell vaccines for yielding protection against microbes which tend to hide within the host cell, and rapidly mutating microbes (such as HIV or the influenza virus).[ citation needed ]

T-cell vaccines underwent clinical trials for HIV/AIDS in about 2009. [3]

As of July 2012 none had been approved. [4]

However as at December 2020, the Pfizer-BioNTech SARS-CoV-2 vaccine was authorised pursuant to the US FDA's emergency use authorization [5] and became the first FDA authorized T cell vaccine. [6] [7]

References

  1. ↑ Robinson, Harriet L.; Amara, Rama Rao (2005). "T cell vaccines for microbial infections". Nature Medicine. 11 (4s): S25 –S32. doi: 10.1038/nm1212 . PMID   15812486. S2CID   205384682.
  2. ↑ Buchbinder, SP; Mehrotra, DV; Duerr, A; Fitzgerald, DW; Mogg, R; Li, D; Gilbert, PB; Lama, JR; Marmor, M; Del Rio, C; McElrath, MJ; Casimiro, DR; Gottesdiener, KM; Chodakewitz, JA; Corey, L; Robertson, MN (2008). "Efficacy assessment of a cell-mediated immunity HIV-1 vaccine (the Step Study): a double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled, test-of-concept trial". Lancet. 372 (9653): 1881–93. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(08)61591-3. PMC   2721012 . PMID   19012954.
  3. ↑ Korber, Bette T.; Letvin, Norman L.; Haynes, Barton F. (2009). "T-Cell Vaccine Strategies for Human Immunodeficiency Virus, the Virus with a Thousand Faces". Journal of Virology. 83 (17): 8300–8314. doi:10.1128/JVI.00114-09. PMC   2738160 . PMID   19439471.
  4. ↑ "T-cell Vaccines Could Treat Elusive Diseases".
  5. ↑ Commissioner, Office of the (2020-12-14). "FDA Takes Key Action in Fight Against COVID-19 By Issuing Emergency Use Authorization for First COVID-19 Vaccine". FDA. Retrieved 2021-05-28.
  6. ↑ Sahin, Ugur; Muik, Alexander; Derhovanessian, Evelyna; Vogler, Isabel; Kranz, Lena M.; Vormehr, Mathias; Baum, Alina; Pascal, Kristen; Quandt, Jasmin; Maurus, Daniel; Brachtendorf, Sebastian (October 2020). "COVID-19 vaccine BNT162b1 elicits human antibody and T H 1 T cell responses". Nature. 586 (7830): 594–599. Bibcode:2020Natur.586..594S. doi: 10.1038/s41586-020-2814-7 . ISSN   1476-4687. PMID   32998157.
  7. ↑ Woldemeskel, Bezawit A.; Garliss, Caroline C.; Blankson, Joel N. (2021-05-17). "SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccines induce broad CD4+ T cell responses that recognize SARS-CoV-2 variants and HCoV-NL63". The Journal of Clinical Investigation. 131 (10). doi: 10.1172/JCI149335 . ISSN   0021-9738. PMC   8121504 . PMID   33822770.
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