T. Don Hutto Residential Center

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The T. Don Hutto Residential Center (formerly known as T. Don Hutto Family Residential Facility, and the T. Don Hutto Family Detention Facility [1] ) is a guarded, fenced-in, multi-purpose center currently used to detain non-US citizens awaiting the outcome of their immigration status. The center is located at 1001 Welch Street in the city of Taylor, Texas, within Williamson County. Formerly a medium-security state prison, it is operated by the CoreCivic under contract with the U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement agency (known as ICE) through an ICE Intergovernmental Service Agreement (IGA) with Williamson County, Texas. [2] [3] In 2006, Hutto became an immigrant-detention facility detaining immigrant families. [4] The facility was turned into a women's detention center in 2009. [5]

Contents

History

In July 1997, the T. Don Hutto Correctional Facility by was opened by CCA as a medium security prison. [6] By 2000, Tennessee-based CCA's stocks hit their lowest, as it suffered from "poor management", prison riots and escapes. It had failed in the 1990s in its "bid to take over the entire prison system of Tennessee." [4] It is named after T. Don Hutto, who along with Robert Crants and Tom Beasley, co-founded CCA on January 28, 1983 in Nashville, Tennessee. [7] [8] : 81–2  [9] In March 2004 CCA announced plans to close the facility, citing low inmate demand. [10]

Immigration detention increased after 9/11. [4] In October 2005, Michael Chertoff, then Secretary of Homeland Security, said that DHS would "return every single illegal entrant" apprehended by U.S. authorities without exception and would make use of $90 million in funds appropriated by Congress to add additional beds in immigration detention facilities. [11] By the July 2006, Chertoff told a House subcommittee that DHS had "achieved essentially 100 percent catch-and-remove." [12] As a result, by the end of 2006, the number of people in government custody for immigration-law violations increased by 79% from 2005. There were about 14,000 people being detained. [4]

T. Don Hutto re-opened in May 2006 as a "Family Residential Facility" to detain immigrant families. [13] Previously, illegal immigrants with children would be released with a notice to appear before an immigration judge. In some cases, where release was not approved by ICE, children were separated from their parents. Parents were sent to an adult facility while children were released to family, or sent to the Office of Refugee Resettlement.

A 2007 report entitled "Locking Up Family Values" by the Women's Refugee Commission and Lutheran Immigration and Refugee Services documented conditions in the facility. The detainees were women and their children - most of whom appeared to be under the age of 12. [14] The report noted that most of the residents were from Central and South America. However, there were also Africans, Asians, Europeans, and Middle Easterners. Many of the families held at the Hutto facility were awaiting adjudication of their claims for relief or asylum. Many of these families of the families held at the former prison are charged with no offenses other than illegal entry. [15]

The American Civil Liberties Union filed a lawsuit against ICE in March 2007 on behalf of 10 juvenile plaintiffs that were housed in the facility at the time claiming that the standards by which they were housed was not in compliance with the government's detention standards for this population. The claims were, amongst other things, improper educational opportunities, not enough privacy, and substandard health care. The relief being sought was the release of the plaintiffs. In August 2007, after the plaintiffs were no longer housed at the facility, the ACLU settled the lawsuit claiming that the situations at the facility had "significantly improved". [16]

In 2007, Justice Sam Sparks approved the settlement between the ACLU and ICE that greatly improved conditions for immigrant children and their families who were detained at the facility. Dozens of children were released with their families as a result of the settlement. [16] In response to the harsh treatment of young children in T. Don Hutto, Judge Sparks established "the government would have to establish clear rules for how to detain families safely and humanely. And although officials at Hutto might be making changes now, he noted, didn’t Lawrence have a feeling it was merely because the defendants knew, on account of the lawsuit, that 'the hammer was coming down?" He said that he was beginning to wonder who was in charge "out there, either C.C.A. or the government. It’s very troubling to me." [4]

The Least of These is a documentary based on the lawsuit and sub-par conditions. [17]

"[A]fter years of controversy, media exposure, and a lawsuit", in 2009, the Obama Administration closed T. Don Hutto Family Detention Facility, the United States’ "largest family immigration detention facility." "Conditions at the T. Don Hutto Family Detention Facility, and the impact of detention on families and children, proved that family detention could not be carried out humanely." [1] : 6  On August 6, 2009, federal officials announced that T. Don Hutto would no longer house immigrant families. [18] Instead, only female detainees will be housed there. ICE and Williamson County entered into a new contract, changing the facility to a non-criminal women’s only detention center. [6] In September 2009, the last families left the facility and were moved to the much smaller Berks Family Residential Center in Pennsylvania. [19] [20]

In 2010 a former supervisor at T. Don Hutto was arrested on charges related to alleged sexual assault at the Detention Facility he was convicted of 5 misdemeanor charges. [21]

In 2017 the FBI initiated a civil rights investigation against the center following allegations of guards sexually assaulting and sexually harassing detainees, and retaliation against those who filed complaints about the abuse. [22] [23] [24]

Williamson County commissioners in Taylor voted 4-1 on June 25, 2018, in the wake of a crisis of immigrant detention of children separated from their mothers who had been taken into custody, to end its participation in an Intergovernmental Agreement (IGA) with CoreCivic, in 2019. The facility was holding some of those imprisoned mothers. [25]

Related Research Articles

U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE) is a federal law enforcement agency under the U.S. Department of Homeland Security. ICE's stated mission is to protect the United States from the cross-border crime and illegal immigration that threaten national security and public safety.

Immigration detention is the policy of holding individuals suspected of visa violations, illegal entry or unauthorized arrival, as well as those subject to deportation and removal until a decision is made by immigration authorities to grant a visa and release them into the community, or to repatriate them to their country of departure. Mandatory detention refers to the practice of compulsorily detaining or imprisoning people seeking political asylum, or who are considered to be illegal immigrants or unauthorized arrivals into a country. Some countries have set a maximum period of detention, while others permit indefinite detention.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">CoreCivic</span> U.S. prison-operating company

CoreCivic, formerly the Corrections Corporation of America (CCA), is a company that owns and manages private prisons and detention centers and operates others on a concession basis. Co-founded in 1983 in Nashville, Tennessee by Thomas W. Beasley, Robert Crants, and T. Don Hutto, it received investments from the Tennessee Valley Authority, Vanderbilt University, and Jack C. Massey, the founder of Hospital Corporation of America.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Sam Sparks</span> American judge

Sam Sparks is a senior United States district judge of the Austin Division of the United States District Court for the Western District of Texas.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">GEO Group</span> American institutional facilities company

The GEO Group, Inc. (GEO) is a publicly traded C corporation that invests in private prisons and mental health facilities in North America, Australia, South Africa, and the United Kingdom. Headquartered in Boca Raton, Florida, the company's facilities include illegal immigration detention centers, minimum security detention centers, and mental-health and residential-treatment facilities. It also operates government-owned facilities pursuant to management contracts. As of December 31, 2021, the company managed and/or owned 86,000 beds at 106 facilities. In 2019, agencies of the federal government of the United States generated 53% of the company's revenues. Up until 2021 the company was designated as a real estate investment trust, at which time the board of directors elected to reclassify as a C corporation under the stated goal of reducing the company's debt.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Immigration detention in the United States</span>

The United States government holds tens of thousands of immigrants in detention under the control of Customs and Border Protection and the Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE). Immigrants are detained for unlawful entry to the United States, when their claims for asylum are received, and in the process of deportation and removal from the country. During Fiscal Year 2018, 396,448 people were booked into ICE custody: 242,778 of whom were detained by CBP and 153,670 by ICE's own enforcement operations. A daily average of 42,188 immigrants were held by ICE in that year. In addition, over twelve thousand immigrant children are housed by facilities under the supervision of the Office of Refugee Resettlement's program for Unaccompanied Alien Children. Prior to referral to these other agencies, the CBP holds immigrants at processing centers; between mid-May and mid-June 2019, it held between 14,000 and 18,000 immigrants.

Willacy County Correctional Center is a closed detention center located on the east side of Route 77, at the edge of Raymondville City, Willacy County, Texas, United States.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Swift raids</span>

The 2006 Swift raids were a coordinated effort by U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE) to detain and deport people who are present illegally.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Adelanto Detention Center</span> Privately operated federal prison

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Cibola County Correctional Center is a privately owned minimum-security prison, located at 2000 Cibola Loop in Milan, Cibola County, New Mexico.

The South Texas Family Residential Center is the largest immigrant detention center in the United States. Opened in December 2014 in Dilley, Texas, it has a capacity of 2,400 and is intended to detain mainly women and children from Central America.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Barbara Hines (lawyer)</span> American immigration rights attorney

Barbara Hines is an American immigration rights attorney. She is the founder of the University of Texas Law School immigration clinic. Hines is recognized for her defense of the rights of immigrants, coming to national attention for her work in winning the release of families detained in the T. Don Hutto Residential Center in Taylor, Texas in 2008.

The Otero County Prison Facility is a privately managed prison for men located in Chaparral, Otero County, New Mexico, operated by the Management and Training Corporation. The facility opened in 2003, and has a capacity of 1420.

Terrell Don Hutto, known as T. Don Hutto, was an American businessman and one of the three co-founders of Corrections Corporation of America (CCA), whose establishment marked the beginning of the private prison industry during the era of former President Ronald Reagan. In 1983, Hutto, Robert Crants and Tom Beasley formed CCA and received investments from Jack C. Massey, the founder of Hospital Corporation of America, Vanderbilt University, and the Tennessee Valley Authority. The T. Don Hutto Residential Center, one of CCA's detention centers, was named after him.

Family detention is the detention of multiple family members together in an immigration detention context. In the U.S. they are referred to as family detention camps,family detention centers, or family detention facilities.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Trump administration migrant detentions</span> 2019–2020 political controversy

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A timeline of events related to migrant children's detention centers in the United States

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Berks County Residential Center (BCRC), also known as Berks Family Residential Center and as the Berks County detention center, is a 96-bed immigration detention center in Leesport, Berks County, Pennsylvania, operated by Berks County on contract with U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE). The center operated as a family detention center from March 2001 to March 2021.

References

  1. 1 2 Locking Up Family Values, Again (PDF), Lutheran Immigration and Refugee Service and Women’s Refugee Commission, October 2014, p. 31, archived from the original (PDF) on 14 February 2017, retrieved February 14, 2017, Conditions at the T. Don Hutto Family Detention Facility, and the impact of detention on families and children, proved that family detention could not be carried out humanely
  2. ↑ "Facility Locations List". Corrections Corporation of America. Archived from the original on 2007-11-11. Retrieved 2007-12-06.
  3. ↑ Don Hutto Family Residential Facility Archived 2011-06-22 at the Wayback Machine
  4. 1 2 3 4 5 Margaret Talbot (March 3, 2008), "The Lost Children: What do tougher detention policies mean for illegal immigrant families?", The New Yorker , retrieved February 13, 2017
  5. ↑ Tom Dart (October 29, 2015), "More than 20 women detained in Texas immigration facility begin hunger strike", The Guardian , retrieved February 13, 2018
  6. 1 2 Terry Cook (July 1, 2018), Terry Cook: The long road to T. Don Hutto, Austin American Statesman , retrieved August 28, 2018
  7. ↑ Harmon L. Wray, Jr. (1989). "Cells for Sale". Southern Changes: The Journal of the Southern Regional Council. 8 (3). Retrieved February 13, 2017.
  8. ↑ Donna Selman; Paul Leighton (2010). Punishment for Sale: Private Prisons, Big Business, and the Incarceration Binge. New York City: Rowman & Littlefield Publishers. ISBN   9781442201743.
  9. ↑ The history of T. Don Hutto, December 3, 2007, retrieved February 13, 2017
  10. ↑ Corrections Corporation of America Announces Contract to Resume Management of the Delta Correctional Facility and Closure of T. Don Hutto Correctional Center, Business Wire, March 23, 2004, retrieved August 28, 2018
  11. ↑ "Chertoff: End 'Catch and Release' at Borders". Associated Press via Fox News. October 18, 2005. Retrieved July 18, 2015.
  12. ↑ "Chertoff hails end of let-go policy". Washington Times . July 28, 2006. Retrieved July 18, 2015.
  13. ↑ The ICE T. Don Hutto Family Residential Facility: maintaining family unity, enforcing immigration laws, U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement, April 2007, archived from the original on May 5, 2009, retrieved April 20, 2009
  14. ↑ Women’s Commission for Refugee Women and Children (February 2007). LOCKING UP FAMILY VALUES: The Detention of Immigrant Families (PDF). p. 2. ISBN   978-1-58030-058-2 . Retrieved 9 September 2018.
  15. ↑ Women’s Commission for Refugee Women and Children (February 2007). LOCKING UP FAMILY VALUES: The Detention of Immigrant Families (PDF). p. 11. ISBN   978-1-58030-058-2 . Retrieved 9 September 2018.
  16. 1 2 "Landmark Settlement Announced in Federal Lawsuit Challenging Conditions at Immigrant Detention Center in Texas". American Civil Liberties Union. August 27, 2007. Retrieved December 6, 2007.
  17. ↑ "Landmark Settlement Announced in Federal Lawsuit Challenging Conditions at Immigrant Detention Center in Texas". American Civil Liberties Union. August 27, 2007. Retrieved December 6, 2007.
  18. ↑ Boswell, Emily (August 7, 2009). "Families no longer behind bars". Taylor Press. Retrieved June 21, 2018.{{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
  19. ↑ Final families removed from T. Don Hutto facility [ dead link ]
  20. ↑ ICE 2009 Detention Reform Fact Sheet
  21. ↑ Rosetty, Tricia (Nov 10, 2010). "Former T. Don Hutto worker sentenced". Taylor Press. Retrieved 9 September 2018.
  22. ↑ Claire Ricke (December 13, 2017), FBI investigating after detainee claims guard sexually assaulted her, Spectrum News, retrieved February 13, 2018
  23. ↑ Jeff Stensland (November 22, 2017), More women accuse Hutto guards of sexual misconduct, Spectrum News, retrieved February 13, 2018
  24. ↑ Ashley McElroy (November 9, 2017), Letter details sexual assault at T. Don Hutto Residential Center, Spectrum News, retrieved February 13, 2018
  25. ↑ Texas suburb ends contract with immigrant detention center, Washington Post , Paul J. Weber (AP), June 26, 2018. Retrieved June 27, 2018.

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