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The Marshall Islands,officially the Republic of the Marshall Islands,is an island country west of the International Date Line and north of the equator in the Micronesia region in the Northwestern Pacific Ocean. The territory consists of 29 coral atolls and five islands,divided across two island chains:Ratak in the east and Ralik in the west. 97.87% of its territory is water,the largest proportion of water to land of any sovereign state. The country shares maritime boundaries with Wake Island to the north,Kiribati to the southeast,Nauru to the south,and the Federated States of Micronesia to the west. The capital and largest city is Majuro,home to approximately half of the country's population.
Austronesian settlers arrived in the Marshall Islands in the 2nd millennium BC,but there are no historical or oral records of that period. Over time,the Marshallese people learned to navigate over long ocean distances by walap canoe using traditional stick charts.
Mili Atoll is a coral atoll of 92 islands in the Pacific Ocean,and forms a legislative district of the Ratak Chain of the Marshall Islands. It is located approximately 78 kilometers (48 mi) southeast of Arno. Its total land area is 14.9 square kilometers (5.8 sq mi) making it the second largest of the Marshall Islands after Kwajalein.
The Legislature of the Marshall Islands has 33 members,elected for a four-year term in nineteen single-seat and five multi-seat constituencies. The last election was November 20,2023. Elections in the Marshall Islands are officially nonpartisan,but most members of the Nitijeļā are affiliated with one of the four active political parties in the Marshall Islands:Aelon Kein Ad (AKA),Kien Eo Am (KEA),United People's Party (UPP),and United Democratic Party (UDP).
The government of the Marshall Islands operates under a mixed parliamentary-presidential system as set forth in its Constitution. Elections are held every four years in universal suffrage,with each of the 24 constituencies electing one or more representatives (senators) to the lower house of RMI's unicameral legislature,the Nitijela. The President,who is head of state as well as head of government,is elected by the 33 senators of the Nitijela. Four of the five Marshallese presidents who have been elected since the Constitution was adopted in 1979 have been traditional paramount chiefs.
Iroij Litokwa Tomeing was the President of the Marshall Islands from January 2008 until October 2009.
The following is an alphabetical list of topics related to the Marshall Islands.
Japanese settlement in the Marshall Islands was spurred on by Japanese trade in the Pacific region. The first Japanese explorers arrived in the Marshall Islands in the late 19th century,although permanent settlements were not established until the 1920s. As compared to other Micronesian islands in the South Seas Mandate,there were fewer Japanese who settled in the islands. After the Japanese surrender in 1945,the Japanese populace were repatriated to Japan,although people of mixed Japanese–Marshallese heritage remained behind. They form a sizeable minority in the Marshall Islands' populace,and are well represented in the corporate,public and political sectors in the country.
Ruben R. Zackhras was a Marshallese politician. He was acting President of the Marshall Islands from 21 October 2009 to 26 October 2009. He previously served as Minister of Finance from 1992 to 1998.
Iroijlaplap Jurelang Zedkaia was a Marshallese politician and Iroijlaplap. He served as the President of the Marshall Islands from 2009 to 2012. He was elected as the country's 5th head of state on October 26,2009,following the ouster of his predecessor,Litokwa Tomeing,in the country's first successful vote of no confidence.
The BaháʼíFaith in the Marshall Islands begins after 1916 with a mention by ʻAbdu'l-Bahá,then head of the religion,that Baháʼís should take the religion there. The first Baháʼíto pioneer there arrived in August 1954 however she could only stay until March 1955. Nevertheless,with successive pioneers and converts the first BaháʼíLocal Spiritual Assembly in 1967 in Majuro. The community continued to grow and in 1977 elected its first National Spiritual Assembly. Before 1992 the Baháʼís began to operate state schools under contract with the government. Middle estimates of the Baháʼípopulation are just over 1,000,or 1.50% in 2000.
Gerald M. Zackios is a Marshallese politician and diplomat. He was a member of the Legislature of the Marshall Islands (Nitijeļā) from 2000 until 2012. During this period he was Minister in Assistance to the President of Marshall Islands from 2000 until 2001 and Minister of Foreign Affairs from 2001 until 2007. He serves as the Ambassador of the Republic of the Marshall Islands to the United States since June 2016.
Christopher Jorebon Loeak is a Marshallese politician who was the President of the Marshall Islands from 2012 to 2016. He was elected by parliament as President in January 2012,following the 2011 general election.
Tony deBrum was a Marshallese politician and government minister. His cabinet posts included Minister in Assistance to the President of Marshall Islands,Minister of Finance,Minister of Foreign Affairs and Minister of Education.
David Kabua is a Marshallese politician who served as President of the Marshall Islands from 2020 to 2024. He has represented Wotho Atoll in the Legislature of the Marshall Islands since 2008 and served terms as Minister of Health and Internal Affairs.
Hilda Cathy Heine is a Marshallese educator and politician who has served as the president of the Marshall Islands since 2024,having previously served from 2016 to 2020. Prior to assuming office,she served as the Minister of Education. She was the first individual from the Marshall Islands to earn a doctorate degree,and the founder of the women's rights group Women United Together Marshall Islands (WUTMI).
Casten Ned Nemra is a Marshallese politician who was President of the Marshall Islands for 17 days in January 2016. He was elected by the Nitijeļā(Parliament) as President in January 2016,following the 2015 general election,narrowly defeating Senator Alvin Jacklick,a seven-term member of Parliament,by a 17–16 vote. He was the youngest person to hold the job and the second commoner. He was ousted by a vote of no confidence after just two weeks in office by the opposition for jumping ship and joining Iroij Mike Kabua's Aelon Kein Ad party along with Senators Dennis Momotaro and Daisy-Alik Momotaro.
Mattlan Zackhras was a Marshallese politician and government minister. He was a member of the Nitijeļāfor Namdrik Atoll since 2004 and was serving as Minister in Assistance to the President of Marshall Islands under President Hilda Heine from January 2016 until his death.
Amenta Matthew is a Marshallese politician. She was a member of the Legislature of the Marshall Islands from 2007 to 2011 and from 2015 to 2019,representing the electorate of Utrik. She was Minister of Health under Presidents Litokwa Tomeing and Jurelang Zedkaia from 2008 to 2011 and Minister of Internal Affairs under Hilda Heine from 2016 to 2019. She was the second woman in the Marshall Islands to serve as a government minister.
Witten T. Philippo is a Marshallese judge and politician and former Minister in Assistance to the President of Marshall Islands.
References
- ↑ "Marshalls USP funding extension questioned". Marianas Variety News & Views. 24 June 2002.
- ↑ "International Day of Peace Celebrated in Marshall Islands - Universal Peace Federation". www.upf.org.
- ↑ "Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands". Bureau of International Organization Affairs, Office of United Nations Political Affairs. 1982.
- 1 2 3 4 5 "Political Reviews: Micronesia in Review: Issues and Events, 1 July 2016 to 30 June 2017". University of Hawai'i Press. 2018.
- ↑ "Students on Food Strike". The Marshall Islands Journal. 11 March 2021.
- ↑ "RiAroñroñ - Aug. 2016". Consulate - General of the Republic of the Marshall Islands.
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