Tell Raffaan (Tall Raffan) is an archaeological site in Iraq, in ancient Upper Mesopotamia, in the valley of the Tigris River. [1]
Exploration of the site began in 1984 as part of the Eski Mosul Dam Salvage Project, an international archaeological salvage operation organized by the Iraqi Directorate of Antiquities due to the building of a dam on the Tigris River. Excavations on Tell Raffaan and in its vicinity were conducted by an expedition from the Polish Centre of Mediterranean Archaeology University of Warsaw. [1] Piotr Bieliński directed the archaeological works, while Ryszard F. Mazurowski and Waldemar Chmielewski headed the field survey team, which identified Paleolithic sites on the hills surrounding the micro-region. [2] The Polish expedition also carried out work at the site of Tell Rijim, located in the same micro-region.
At its highest point, Tell Raffaan rose 6.5 meters above the level of the Tigris. [3] The research was conducted only in the eastern part of the tell since a modern cemetery occupied the western one. [2] Only one archaeological layer was identified, dating to the Early Uruk period (second half of the 4th millennium BC). [3] The excavations yielded numerous fragments of pottery as well as obsidian and flint tools. On the slope, there was a skeletal grave in stone setting, furnished with three undecorated cups similar to the pottery found in other parts of the site. [3] This part of the tell was badly eroded; no architectural remains were uncovered. [1]
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The Diyala is a river and tributary of the Tigris. It is formed by the confluence of the Sirwan and Tanjaro rivers in Darbandikhan Dam in the Sulaymaniyah Governorate of Northern Iraq. It covers a total distance of 445 km (277 mi).
Kazimierz Józef Marian Michałowski was a Polish archaeologist and Egyptologist, art historian, member of the Polish Academy of Sciences, professor ordinarius of the University of Warsaw as well as the founder of the Polish Centre of Mediterranean Archaeology. He coined the term "Nubiology" to refer to the study of ancient Nubia.
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The Polish Centre of Mediterranean Archaeology University of Warsaw operates as an independent research institute of the University of Warsaw under the present name since 1990. It is dedicated to organizing, implementing and coordinating archaeological research, both excavations and study projects, as well as conservation, reconstruction and restoration projects, in northeastern Africa, the Near East and Cyprus. Projects include sites covering a broad chronological spectrum from the dawn of civilization through all the historic periods of the ancient Mediterranean civilizations to Late Antiquity and early Islam. Tasks beside fieldwork include comprehensive documentation of finds, archives management and publication of the results in keeping with international research standards. The PCMA manages the Research Centre in Cairo and Polish Archaeological Unit in Khartoum.
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Tell Amarna is an archaeological site near the village Amarnah in northern Syria, on the west bank of the Euphrates.
Tell Djassa is an archaeological site in Syria, in the Khabur River basin, in the area of the Khabur Triangle in Upper Mesopotamia.
Tell Abu Hafur is an archaeological site in Syria, in the Khabur River basin, in the area of the Khabur Triangle in Upper Mesopotamia.
Tell Saadiya is a tell, or archaeological settlement mound, in Diyala Governorate (Iraq).
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Tell Rijim is an archaeological site in Iraq, in ancient Upper Mesopotamia, in the valley of the Tigris River, about 25 kilometers to the north-west of Eski Mosul.
Piotr Bielinski is a Polish Mediterranean archaeologist, professor of humanities, specializing in the archaeology of the ancient Middle East. His research interests include the art - especially glyptics - and architecture of Mesopotamia, Syro-Palestine, Anatolia, and the Persian Gulf from the Chalcolithic to the Bronze Age. He has led over a dozen Polish archaeological expeditions to the Middle East.