 Front page of Tempo, 11 January 1933 | |
| Type | Daily newspaper |
|---|---|
| Format | Berliner (format) |
| Publisher | Ullstein Verlag |
| Editor-in-chief | Gustav Kauder |
| Managing editor | Manfred George |
| Founded | 11 September 1928 |
| Political alignment | liberal |
| Language | German |
| Ceased publication | 5 August 1933 |
| Headquarters | Berlin, Germany |
| City | Berlin |
| Country | Germany |
| Circulation | 145,450 (in 1930) |
Tempo was a daily newspaper published in Germany between 1928 and 1933, with Berlin as its main area of distribution.
In 1928, the Ullstein Verlag, Germany's biggest publishing house at the time, created Tempo as an afternoon paper published between 4pm and 7pm. The first issue appeared on 11 September 1928. According to the Ullstein Verlag, Tempo represented the "most modern type of newspaper in Germany" in terms of design, layout and reporting. [1] It appeared in Berliner (format) and was printed on pinkish paper. In the beginning, the paper was published in three different daily editions, with a new one published every hour in order to be able to report on breaking news and developing events. [2] This practice was gradually phased out, however, and from 1930 Tempo appeared in only one edition. The paper's reporting often focused on sensational news, such as murders and accidents, and its entertainment section gave much room to the film industry, including Hollywood celebrities. However, in its politics section, it also took a lively part in the Weimar Republic's increasingly volatile political culture. The paper's political line was left-liberal, following the general direction of the Ullstein Verlag, and Tempo frequently attacked political enemies, such as the Communist Party of Germany and, later on, the Nazi Party. The paper was itself the target of sustained attacks by these groups, which often condemned Tempo as a symbol of the Weimar Republic's supposedly decadent metropolitan culture. In 1930, the Ministry of the Reichswehr filed a lawsuit for treason against Tempo’s editor-in-chief, Gustav Kauder, for publishing a report about a secret cooperation between the Reichswehr and the Soviet Red Army. [3] Despite its high profile and sensational nature, Tempo often struggled to attract readers, and its daily circulation mostly remained under 150,000 copies. It was discontinued on 5 August 1933, as the first Ullstein paper after the Nazi Machtergreifung.
Tempo was conceived as a publication for the younger post-war generation, particularly women and white-collar workers, who had come of age under the new democratic order of the Weimar Republic. Ullstein believed that this generation needed a new type of newspaper that would do justice to their changed lifestyle and perspective with a different tone and a stronger focus on modern entertainment, sport and body culture. [4]
Manfred George oversaw the cultural section and acted as managing editor. Some of Weimar Germany's best-known writers regularly contributed to Tempo, from Kurt Tucholsky to Alexander Roda Roda and Erika Mann.
Tempo provided the inspiration for a newspaper of the same name that plays a central role in the third season of the TV series Babylon Berlin . [5]
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Weimar culture was the emergence of the arts and sciences that happened in Germany during the Weimar Republic, the latter during that part of the interwar period between Germany's defeat in World War I in 1918 and Hitler's rise to power in 1933. 1920s Berlin was at the hectic center of the Weimar culture. Although not part of the Weimar Republic, some authors also include the German-speaking Austria, and particularly Vienna, as part of Weimar culture.
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The Ullstein Verlag was founded by Leopold Ullstein in 1877 at Berlin and is one of the largest publishing companies of Germany. It published newspapers like B.Z. and Berliner Morgenpost and books through its subsidiaries Ullstein Buchverlage and Propyläen.
Hermann Ehrhardt was a German naval officer in World War I who became an anti-republican and anti-Semitic German nationalist Freikorps leader during the Weimar Republic. As head of the Marine Brigade Ehrhardt, he was among the best-known Freikorps leaders in the immediate postwar years. The Brigade fought against the local soviet republics that arose during the German Revolution of 1918–1919 and later was among the key players in the anti-democratic Kapp Putsch of March 1920. After the Brigade's forced disbanding, Ehrhardt used the remnants of his unit to found the Organisation Consul, a secret group that committed numerous politically motivated assassinations. After it was banned in 1922, Ehrhardt formed other less successful groups such as the Bund Viking. Because of his opposition to Adolf Hitler, Ehrhardt was forced to flee Germany in 1934 and lived apolitically in Austria until his death in 1971.
The Kreuzzeitung was a national daily newspaper published between 1848 and 1939 in the Kingdom of Prussia and then during the German Empire, the Weimar Republic and into the first part of the Third Reich. The paper was a voice of the conservative upper class, although it was never associated with any political party and never had more than 10,000 subscribers. Its target readership was the nobility, military officers, high-ranking officials, industrialists and diplomats. Because its readers were among the elite, the Kreuzzeitung was often quoted and at times very influential. It had connections to officials in the highest levels of government and business and was especially known for its foreign reporting. Most of its content consisted of carefully researched foreign and domestic news reported without commentary.
The Vossische Zeitung was a nationally known Berlin newspaper that represented the interests of the liberal middle class. It was also generally regarded as Germany's national newspaper of record. In the Berlin press it held a special role due to the fact that by way of its direct predecessors it was the oldest newspaper in the city. The name went back to Christian Friedrich Voss, who was its owner from 1751 to 1795, but Vossische Zeitung became its official name only after 1911. It ceased publication in 1934 under pressure from the Nazi state.
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