Teylers Tweede Genootschap (English: Teylers Second Society), also known as the Wetenschappelijk Genootschap (Scientific Society) is one of the two societies founded within the Teylers Stichting with the purpose to promote and award prizes for research. They were the result of the testament of the Dutch 18th-century merchant Pieter Teyler van der Hulst. The Second Society is focused on art and science, while the First Society is focused on theology.
Both societies were founded in 1778, and the specific areas of interest to the Second society are Physics, Biology, Literature, History, the study of Art, and Numismatics. The society has six members, and the first members appointed in 1778 by Teyler himself were:
The first task of the new society was to commission a prize medal and set up a prize contest. Like the first society, they ordered a medal from Johann Georg Holtzhey and the allegory on the front of the medal shows an all-seeing eye in a halo, with a symbolic representation of the five arts (from left to right: history (folio), poetry (lyre), physics (globe and compass), drawing (brush and palette) and numismatics (coin and medal tableau). The text around the edge means All sciences that relate to human civilization, have a certain common bond. The reverse side of the medal leaves room for the date and the winner's name.
The idea was to discuss theory and present a question each year for the prize medal to be awarded. During the first ten years, only four prize medals were awarded, though five papers were published (in 1802 Jan Nieuwenhuis did not win a medal, but his paper appeared in the "Verhandelingen"). Sometimes just a gold medal was awarded, and sometimes both gold and silver medals were awarded, but often there were no contestants at all. The first gold medal winner was Martinus van Marum, who won the first prize in 1778 with his paper "Phlogisteerde en niet-phlogisteerde lucht" challenging phlogiston theory. [1] He replaced Elout the next year and became conservator of the physics cabinet.
Bosch was replaced by Jean Gijsbert Decker in 1780, and Enschedé was replaced by Willem Anne Lestevenon in the same year.
The society still promotes research with prize medals. [2]
Teylers Museum is an art, natural history, and science museum in Haarlem, Netherlands. Established in 1778, Teylers Museum was founded as a centre for contemporary art and science. The historic centre of the museum is the neoclassical Oval Room (1784), which was built behind the house of Pieter Teyler van der Hulst (1702–1778), the so-called Fundatiehuis. Pieter Teyler was a wealthy cloth merchant and banker of Scottish descent, who bequeathed his fortune for the advancement of religion, art, and science. He was a Mennonite and follower of the Scottish Enlightenment.
Martin(us) van Marum was a Dutch physician, inventor, scientist and teacher, who studied medicine and philosophy in Groningen. Van Marum introduced modern chemistry in the Netherlands after the theories of Lavoisier, and several scientific applications for general use. He became famous for his demonstrations with instruments, most notable the Large electricity machine, to show statical electricity and chemical experiments while curator for the Teylers Museum.
Pieter Teyler van der Hulst was a wealthy Dutch Mennonite merchant and banker, who died childless, leaving a legacy of two million florins to the pursuit of religion, arts and science in his hometown, that led to the formation of Teyler's Museum. This was not the value of his entire estate. He also founded Teylers Hofje in his name, and made important donations to individuals in the Mennonite community.
Cornelis Hofstede de Groot, was a Dutch art collector, art historian and museum curator.
Adriaan van der Willigen was a Dutch writer of plays and travelogues who is mostly remembered today for his comprehensive list of painter biographies.
Vincent Jansz. van der Vinne, was a Dutch 18th century painter and the great-grandson of Vincent van der Vinne.
The Fundatiehuis is the former family home of Pieter Teyler van der Hulst on the Damstraat 21 in Haarlem, Netherlands. After his death it became the seat of the Teylers Stichting and through its front door, visitors could reach the Oval room.
The Teylers Stichting is a Dutch foundation founded with the heritage of the Dutch 18th century cloth merchant and banker Pieter Teyler van der Hulst to support the people in need and encourage worship, science and art.
Jacobus Barnaart was a Dutch merchant and one of the five first directors of the Teylers Stichting.
The Teylers astronomical observatory is an astronomical observatory built in 1784 on the roof of the Oval Room of the Teylers Museum in Haarlem.
Teylers Eerste Genootschap, also known as the Godgeleerd Genootschap is one of the societies founded within the Teylers Stichting as a result of the will of the Dutch 18th-century merchant Pieter Teyler van der Hulst.
The Eerste Schilderijenzaal, or Painting Gallery I, is one of two art gallery rooms in Teylers Museum and is the oldest art gallery for contemporary Dutch art in the Netherlands. It was built onto the back of Teylers Oval Room in 1838. It was the young museum's first exhibition space for paintings and could be entered through the Oval Room, which was itself located behind the Fundatiehuis, the former home of Pieter Teyler van der Hulst.
The Instrument Room is a room in Teylers Museum which houses a part of the museum's Cabinet of Physics: a collection of scientific instruments from the 18th and 19th centuries. The instruments in the collection were used for research as well as for educational public demonstrations. Most of them are demonstration models that illustrate various aspects of electricity, acoustics, light, magnetism, thermodynamics, and weights and measures. The rest are high-quality precision instruments that were used for research.
Cornelis Elout was a Haarlem regent, collector, one of the first members of Teylers Tweede Genootschap and regent of the Armekinderhuis. Cornelis was the son of Jacob Elout and his wife Eva Cornelis dochter Akersloot Steyn. Cornelis Elout was the father of Cornelis Pieter Elout, who was council member and "hoofdschout" of Haarlem and Heer van Schoten.
Gerrit Willem van Oosten de Bruyn, was an 18th-century lawyer from the Northern Netherlands.
Theodorus Marinus Roest was a Dutch numismatist and conservator of the numismatic collection of the Teylers Museum.
The Teylers Coin and Medal Room, or Numismatisch Kabinet, is a small display room in Teylers Museum that was designed in 1888 and furnished with special display cabinets in 1889.
| General | |
|---|---|
| National libraries | |
