The Colored Citizen was an African American newspaper published in Helena, Montana, for two months in 1894. It was published by J. P. Ball, Jr., using finances from white politicians to promote Helena's bid to become state capital over Anaconda.
The Colored Citizen was an African American newspaper published in Helena, Montana, for two months in 1894. It was published by J. P. Ball, Jr., using finances from white politicians to promote Helena's bid to become state capital over Anaconda.
The Colored Citizen was a paper for the black community of Helena, Montana—a community of some 279 people [1] —founded in 1894 by J. P. Ball, Jr., the son of James Presley Ball. [2] Ball's father was perhaps the only black photographer in the Pacific Northwest, and the paper was the second paper for a black audience in the region. [3]
The paper pushed for Helena to be the state capital over Anaconda; Ball said Helena had "No Color Line", [4] a position Ball substantiated with his father's candidacy for city coroner by the Republican Party. [5] While the paper was funded by white politicians to promote Helena's bid to become capital—a common tactic by Republicans in the American West to create support for their policies [6] —it served the local black community through revealing instances of racism in Helena. [4]
The paper believed that black settlers in Montana "can boast of being pioneers" and were authentically American, but that immigrants were not. [7] According to Ball, one of the problems with Anaconda was that a local mining company did "NOT employ a solitary Colored man", but rather "Dagoes and Foreigners". [8] The paper was anti-populist for economic reasons. [9]
The paper was published with four pages each, spanning 17 by 22 inches, from the headquarters of Ball's father's photography company. [1] It ran from September to November 1894, a period of just two months. [5]
Montana is a state in the Mountain West subregion of the Western United States. It is bordered by Idaho to the west; North Dakota and South Dakota to the east; Wyoming to the south; and by the Canadian provinces of Alberta, British Columbia, and Saskatchewan to the north. It is the fourth-largest state by area, the seventh-least populous state, and the third-least densely populated state. Its state capital is Helena. The western half of Montana contains numerous mountain ranges, while the eastern half is characterized by western prairie terrain and badlands, with smaller mountain ranges found throughout the state. In all, 77 named ranges are part of the Rocky Mountains.
Helena is the state capital of the U.S. state of Montana and the county seat of Lewis and Clark County.
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Vernon Louis Parrington was an American literary historian and scholar. His three-volume history of American letters, Main Currents in American Thought, won the Pulitzer Prize for History in 1928 and was one of the most influential books for American historians of its time.
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The following works deal with the cultural, political, economic, military, biographical and geologic history of pre-territorial Montana, Montana Territory and the State of Montana.
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We Shall Be All: A History of the Industrial Workers of the World is a 1969 history book about the Industrial Workers of the World by Melvyn Dubofsky.
Colored Citizen and The Colored Citizen were newspapers published for African Americans in the United States. Newspapers using the title were published in many cities including in 1867 in Vicksburg, Mississippi during the Reconstruction era, the state's first newspaper for African Americans. Many of the papers seem to have existed only briefly.
The 1892 Montana gubernatorial election was held on November 8, 1892.
The 1896 Montana gubernatorial election was held on November 3, 1896.