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Crossrail is a completed railway project centred around London. It provides a high-frequency hybrid commuter rail and rapid transit system, known as the Elizabeth line, that crosses the capital from suburbs on the west to east and connects two major railway lines terminating in London: the Great Western Main Line and the Great Eastern Main Line. The project was approved in 2007, and construction began in 2009 on the central section and connections to existing lines that became part of the route, which has been named the Elizabeth line in honour of Queen Elizabeth II who opened the line on 17 May 2022 during her Platinum Jubilee. The central section of the line between Paddington and Abbey Wood opened on 24 May 2022, with 12 trains per hour running in each direction through the core section in Central London.
The Jubilee Line Extension (JLE) is the extension of the London Underground Jubilee line from Green Park to Stratford through south and east London. An eastward extension of the line was first proposed in the 1970s. As part of the development of London Docklands, the line was extended to serve Canary Wharf and other areas of south and east London. Construction began in 1993, and it opened in stages from May to December 1999, at a cost of £3.5 billion.
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The Elizabeth line is a high-frequency hybrid urban–suburban rail service in London and its suburbs. It runs services on dedicated infrastructure in central London from the Great Western Main Line west of Paddington station to Abbey Wood and via Whitechapel to the Great Eastern Main Line near Stratford; along the Great Western Main Line to Reading and Heathrow Airport in the west; and along the Great Eastern Main Line to Shenfield in the east. The service is named after Queen Elizabeth II, who officially opened the line on 17 May 2022 during her Platinum Jubilee year; passenger services started on 24 May 2022. Despite being named under the same system as London Underground lines, and having sections which are underground, the Elizabeth line is not classified as a London Underground line.
The Crossrail line was first proposed in 1941. It was first proposed to Parliament in 1991 but was rejected. It was then proposed by the government as the Crossrail bill in 2005. Construction started in 2009 and, heavily delayed, the central section was opened by Elizabeth II on 24 May 2022 with full completion due in 2023.
Linda Jean Miller is an American civil engineer who works for Bechtel. She is currently director of the excavation works for the Sydney Metro project, having recently been in charge of Crossrail's Farringdon Station.
Lih-Ling Highe is an English mechanical engineer. She works for Bechtel and her major projects have included the redevelopment of St Pancras International station. Her most influential colleague at Bechtel was Ailie MacAdam. Highe is now project manager for the changes to the Tottenham Court Road station for Crossrail.
References
- ↑ "The Fifteen Billion Pound Railway". Windfall Films. Retrieved 20 March 2024.
- ↑ Release info: The Fifteen Billion Pound Railway at IMDb
- ↑ O'Donovan, Gerard. "The Fifteen Billion Pound Railway, BBC Two, review: 'curiously breathtaking'". Telegraph.co.uk.
- ↑ "The world's most complex underground railway construction is underway!". www.sbs.com.au. SBS - Special Broadcasting Service. Retrieved 8 October 2018.
- ↑ Dowling, Tim (23 May 2017). "The Fifteen Billion Pound Railway review – like Top Gear for train fans". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 21 February 2019. Retrieved 26 May 2017.
- ↑ Dowling, Tim (20 February 2019). "The Fifteen Billion Pound Railway review – digging into the Crossrail catastrophe". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 21 February 2019. Retrieved 21 February 2019.
- ↑ Singh, Anita (12 June 2022). "The Fifteen Billion Pound Railway: Inside the Elizabeth Line, review: a dull journey". The Telegraph. Archived from the original on 13 June 2022. Retrieved 13 June 2022.
