The Great Relief

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J.F. Willumsen, photographed in 1900 JF Willumsen Hver8Dag 1900.jpg
J.F. Willumsen, photographed in 1900

The Great Relief (Danish : Det Store Relief) is a sculpture by the Danish artist J.F. Willumsen completed in 1928. Consisting mainly of marble and gilt bronze, it was included in the 2006 Danish Culture Canon as a masterpiece of Danish culture.

Danish language North Germanic language spoken in Denmark

Danish is a North Germanic language spoken by around six million people, principally in Denmark and in the region of Southern Schleswig in northern Germany, where it has minority language status. Also, minor Danish-speaking communities are found in Norway, Sweden, Spain, the United States, Canada, Brazil, and Argentina. Due to immigration and language shift in urban areas, around 15–20% of the population of Greenland speak Danish as their first language.

The Danish Culture Canon consists of 108 works of cultural excellence in eight categories: architecture, visual arts, design and crafts, film, literature, music, performing arts, and children's culture. An initiative of Brian Mikkelsen in 2004, it was developed by a series of committees under the auspices of the Danish Ministry of Culture in 2006–2007 as "a collection and presentation of the greatest, most important works of Denmark's cultural heritage." Each category contains 12 works although music contains 12 works of score music and 12 of popular music and the literature section's 12th item is an anthology of 24 works.

Contents

Background

Willumsen first thought of creating the relief when he was at the Chicago World Fair in 1893, envisaging it as a decoration for a wall in one of the city's bars. He started working on it after returning to Paris the same year and continued its development over the next five or six years in Copenhagen. But it was only when he had received an official commission for the work in 1920 that he worked towards its completion, using a large plaster wall specially erected in his house in Stradagervej as a base. Willumsen supervised the selection and cutting of the variously coloured pieces of Carrara marble in Lazzarini's Italian workshop. [1]

Worlds Columbian Exposition Worlds Fair held in Chicago in 1893

The World's Columbian Exposition was a world's fair held in Chicago in 1893 to celebrate the 400th anniversary of Christopher Columbus's arrival to the New World in 1492. The centerpiece of the Fair, the large water pool, represented the long voyage Columbus took to the New World. Chicago bested New York City, Washington, D.C., and St. Louis for the honor of hosting the fair. The Exposition was an influential social and cultural event and had a profound effect on architecture, sanitation, the arts, Chicago's self-image, and American industrial optimism.

Carrara marble type of white or blue-grey marble popular for use in sculpture and building decor

Carrara marble is a type of white or blue-grey marble popular for use in sculpture and building decor. It is quarried in the city of Carrara located in the province of Massa and Carrara in the Lunigiana, the northernmost tip of modern-day Tuscany, Italy.

The sculpture

In his earliest notes on the work, Willumsen explained he intended to illustrate various degrees of happiness by using different symbols. The lowest degree, which he labels tragicomical, is strong but short-lived without any lasting effects. He sees it as being symbolized by "grotesque musicians". At the middle level comes sensuality or parody, not as powerful as the first but nevertheless leaving its traces. His symbol here is a man and a woman called "the parody". The strange thing is that the woman is dressed in men's battle attire while the man is dressed in a woman's clothes. According to Willumsen, the reaction of the opposite sex is a "quivering sensation" leaving a greater impression than the strong burst of humour at the lowest level. The third and highest level for Willumsen is aesthetic joy. To achieve it, the individual needs to have a sense of beauty. [2]

When presenting his work in 1928, Willumsen described it as a "collocation of figures for Willumsen's view of existence and human life". The relief, he explained, centres on two "giants", dividing it into positive and negative parts. "One of the giants, the one on the left, is designed to represent cool 'reflection', or perhaps more accurately cool 'calculation'. Above his outstretched right arm, there are two large figures to the left, a man in women's clothing called 'Weakness', tyrannized by a woman, an armour-clad fury called 'War'. The other giant, the one on the right, who is holding's the first one's hand, has a soft expression, he should perhaps be called 'Unsophistication' or 'Instinct', his eyes are closed. On his outstretched left art there are two large figures, a man: 'the Worker', the symbol of will and deed, and 'a Woman' who admiringly and affectionately presses the Worker's had against her throbbing heart." Around the six large figures, there are many smaller figures. They are people 'who along the way go through different states of mind such as rest, fear and suffering, moving in an anticlockwise direction, starting with 'the Worker' and finishing at life's greatest state of happiness 'the golden couple'. [3]

Museum

The Great Relief can be seen in J.F. Willumsens Museum in Frederikssund, open Thursday to Sunday from 10 am to 5 pm. [3]

J.F. Willumsens Museum art museum dedicated to the works of Jens Ferdinand Willumsen

J.F. Willumsens Museum is in Frederikssund. The museum is an art museum dedicated to the works of the artist Jens Ferdinand Willumsen and was opened in 1957. The museum is located in Frederikssund Municipality.

Frederikssund Place in Capital, Denmark

Frederikssund is a Danish town, seat of the Frederikssund Municipality, in the Region Hovedstaden with a population of 15,865. It received the status of market town in 1810. The town is famous for its annual Viking Games as well as for the J.F. Willumsen museum. Since 1935, it has been connected to Hornsherred via the Kronprins Frederik Bridge.

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References

  1. "The Great Relief", J.F. Willumsen Museum. Retrieved 8 February 2013.
  2. Rikke Bergmann Johansen, "Om 'Det Store Relief'", Kulturkanon i undervisningen. (in Danish) Retrieved 8 February 2013.
  3. 1 2 "Det Store Relief", J.F. Willumsensmuseum. (in Danish) Retrieved 8 February 2013.