The Third Program of the CPSU was a party platform of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union, adopted at its 22nd Congress on 31 October 1961. The main goal of the program was to create a plan for the construction of communism. (It was the first and only program that was approved while the party had this name; previous programs were approved when the party was named RSDLP and VKP(b).)
The core of the new approach to building communism was an attempt to replace Stalin's harsh administrative "pressure from above" with socialist self-government based on the principles of communist morality. [1] The moral code of the builder of communism was an integral part of the Third Program, and so are the renewal of Druzhinas and Comrades' courts, [2] and the general introduction of the moral principles of collectivism, initiative, comradely mutual assistance, and personal responsibility for the collective good. [3] Many of these social reforms later formed the basis of understanding the 1960 in the Soviet Union (Khrushchev Thaw and early Stagnation). [4]
The 19th Congress came to the conclusion that fundamental changes had taken place since the adoption of the Second Program of the Party. Consequently, the congress decided to consider it necessary to rework the Party Program. At the 20th Congress, the Central Committee was instructed "to prepare a draft Program of the CPSU, based on the main provisions of Marxist-Leninist theory, creatively developing on the basis of the historical experience of our party, the experience of the fraternal parties of the socialist countries, the experience and achievements of the entire international communist and workers' movement, and taking into account the long-term plan being prepared for communist construction, development of the economy and culture of the Soviet Union". [5]
To develop the draft program, a working group was created, which was located in the "Sosny" sanatorium retreat of the Administration of the Central Committee of the CPSU in the Moscow region, headed by Secretary of the Central Committee of the CPSU Boris Ponomarev. Initial work on the creation of a draft of the new Program began in mid-1958, and eventually, about 100 major scientists and specialists worked on it for three years. [6]
In June 1958, on behalf of Otto Wille Kuusinen, one of the secretaries and a member of the Presidium of the Central Committee of the CPSU, thematic assignments were sent to scientific institutions, government departments and public organizations. Special tasks were assigned to academicians Eugen Varga and Stanislav Strumilin, and they subsequently prepared the article "On the Ways of Building Communism", which provided development prospects for 10–15 years. [7] On 25 July 1959 the Presidium set the accents: academicians will deal with the theory, and the practical calculations, that is, how much, when and where will the industry and agriculture produce, should be submitted by the State Planning Commission (Gosplan) and the State Economic Commission. [8]
By the spring of 1961, work on the project was completed, and its text was given to the First Secretary of the CPSU Central Committee Nikita Khrushchev. In late April 1961, he formulated his comments. After the appropriate revision, the draft Program was considered on 24 May at the Presidium of the Central Committee of the CPSU and on 19 June at the Plenum of the Central Committee. On 26 July 1961, at a meeting of the Presidium of the Central Committee of the CPSU, the text of the draft program provided by the program commission was approved. [9]
On 30 July 1961 the text of the draft Program was published in the Pravda and Izvestia newspapers so that the population could familiarize themselves with it and express suggestions and comments. Local party cells sent reports to the capital on the discussion of the draft party program. Newspapers and magazines were supposed to collect letters from the population that came to the editors and related to the draft program, and send them for processing and analysis to specially created working groups that summarized proposals on various topics, for example, on the ethnic issues. [10]
By 15 September 1961, 6 magazines and 20 newspapers received a total of 29,070 pieces of correspondence, of which 5,039 were published. In total, almost 44 million people attended party conferences and worker meetings dedicated to the discussion of this document. Taking into account the letters to local newspapers, party organs, radio and television, the number of published pieces was 17,080 according to data cited by the historian Alexander Pyzhikov. [11] "There were some interesting comments about the Programme" in these texts, writes historian Alexander Titov. "For example, there were numerous proposals for the abolition of private property and the end of special privileges for the top brass, such as chauffeured cars, dachas and special shops. The overall response was, however, what one could expect from such public exercise in the Soviet Union. The Party Programme was approved as it was presented by the draft committee, with only twenty amendments made to the Programme as the result of its discussion i the press and at the XXII Party Congress, most of them editorial in nature." [12]
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: CS1 maint: others (link)The Communist Party of the Soviet Union (CPSU), at some points known as the Russian Communist Party, All-Union Communist Party and Bolshevik Party, and sometimes referred to as the Soviet Communist Party (SCP), was the founding and ruling political party of the Soviet Union. The CPSU was the sole governing party of the Soviet Union until 1990 when the Congress of People's Deputies modified Article 6 of the 1977 Soviet Constitution, which had previously granted the CPSU a monopoly over the political system. The party's main ideology was Marxism–Leninism. The party was outlawed under Russian President Boris Yeltsin's decree on 6 November 1991, citing the 1991 Soviet coup attempt as a reason.
The general secretary of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union was the leader of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union (CPSU). From 1924 until the country's dissolution in 1991, the officeholder was the recognized leader of the Soviet Union. Prior to Joseph Stalin's accession, the position was not viewed as an important role in Vladimir Lenin's government and previous occupants had been responsible for technical rather than political decisions.
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The Central Committee of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union was the highest organ of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union between two congresses. According to party statutes, the committee directed all party and governmental activities. The Party Congress elected its members.
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The Central Committee of the 20th Congress of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union was in session from 1956 until 1961. Its 133 Members and 122 (non-voting) Candidate members were elected at the 20th Party Congress. It elected, at its 1st Plenary Session, the 20th Presidium, the 20th Secretariat and the 20th Party Control Committee of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union.
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Nikolai Nikolayevich Organov was a Soviet politician and statesman, Chairman of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the RSFSR (1959–62). Member of the Bureau of the Central Committee of the CPSU for the RSFSR (1961–1962). He was a member of the special NKVD troika of the USSR.
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