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In representative democracies, gerrymandering is the political manipulation of electoral district boundaries with the intent to create undue advantage for a party, group, or socioeconomic class within the constituency. The manipulation may involve "cracking" or "packing". Gerrymandering can also be used to protect incumbents. Wayne Dawkins, a professor at Morgan State University, describes it as politicians picking their voters instead of voters picking their politicians.
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Redistricting in the United States is the process of drawing electoral district boundaries. For the United States House of Representatives, and state legislatures, redistricting occurs after each decennial census.
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Texas's 32nd congressional district of the United States House of Representatives serves a suburban area of northeastern Dallas County and a sliver of Collin and Denton counties. The district was created after the 2000 United States census, when Texas went from 30 seats to 32 seats. It was then modified in 2011 after the 2010 census. The current representative is Democrat Colin Allred.
Congressional districts, also known as electoral districts in other nations, are divisions of a larger administrative region that represent the population of a region in the larger congressional body. Countries with congressional districts include the United States, the Philippines, and Japan.
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The 2012 Project is a nonpartisan national campaign of the Center for American Women and Politics (CAWP) at Rutgers University. The project's goal is to identify and engage accomplished women to run for the United States Congress and state legislatures following reapportionment and redistricting within each state. U.S. Census data collected every 10 years include information on population shifts across the nation and are used to redraw congressional and state legislative districts resulting in new and open legislative seats. This work is done in order to comply with the 1965 Voting Rights Act and the "one person, one vote" principle. As of the 2010 Census, women made up 50.8% of the population. In terms of congressional and legislative seats, women currently make up 17% of the U.S. Senate and 16.8% of the U.S. House of Representatives. They make up a slightly larger percentage of the state legislatures at 23.6%. The aim of The 2012 Project is to increase the number of women running for state legislative and congressional office in 2012.
Gerrymandering is the practice of setting boundaries of electoral districts to favor specific political interests within legislative bodies, often resulting in districts with convoluted, winding boundaries rather than compact areas. The term "gerrymandering" was coined after a review of Massachusetts's redistricting maps of 1812 set by Governor Elbridge Gerry noted that one of the districts looked like a mythical salamander.
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Political polarization is a prominent component of politics in the United States. Scholars distinguish between ideological polarization and affective polarization, both of which are apparent in the United States. In the last few decades, the U.S. has experienced a greater surge in ideological polarization and affective polarization than comparable democracies.
The 2022 United States House of Representatives elections in New Mexico were held on November 8, 2022, to elect the three U.S. representatives from the state of New Mexico, one from each of the state's three congressional districts. The elections coincided with the New Mexico gubernatorial election and various state and local elections. The Democratic party gained the 2nd Congressional seat, gaining unitary control of New Mexico's Congressional delegation for the first time since 2018 and improving the advantage in the House delegation for New Mexico from 2–1 in favor of Democrats to 3–0.
References
- ↑ "Census Bureau". The Census Project. 29 November 2017. Archived from the original on 2020-11-26. Retrieved 2021-02-28.
- ↑ "Thomas Brunell". profiles.utdallas.edu. Archived from the original on 2021-01-08. Retrieved 2021-01-06.
- ↑ "Brunell CV" (PDF). UT Dallas. Archived (PDF) from the original on February 25, 2021. Retrieved January 6, 2021.
- ↑ Brunell, Thomas Lloyd (2008). Redistricting and Representation: Why Competitive Elections are Bad for America. Routledge. ISBN 978-0415964531.
- ↑ Mervis, Jeffrey (2018-05-16). "Exclusive: The would-be U.S. census director assails critics of citizenship question". Science | AAAS. Archived from the original on 2021-01-13. Retrieved 2021-02-28.
- ↑ Tracy, Abigail. "How Trump's New Census Nominee Could Rig Future Elections". Vanity Fair. Archived from the original on 2021-03-03. Retrieved 2021-02-28.
- ↑ "A Political-Science View of Trump's Reported Census Pick". www.chronicle.com. 30 November 2017. Archived from the original on 2021-01-07. Retrieved 2021-01-04.
- ↑ Berman, Ari. "Donald Trump's controversial pick to run the 2020 census just withdrew". Mother Jones. Archived from the original on 2021-02-25. Retrieved 2021-02-28.
- ↑ Gaddie, Keith (2018-01-05). "Statement from Academic Colleagues Regarding Professor Thomas L. Brunell". HuffPost. Archived from the original on 2019-04-29. Retrieved 2021-02-28.
- ↑ Crespin, Michael H. (March 2009). "Redistricting and Representation: Why Competitive Elections Are Bad for America. By Thomas L. Brunell. New York: Routledge, 2008. 160p. $130.00 cloth, $29.95 paper". Perspectives on Politics. 7 (1): 187–188. doi:10.1017/S1537592709090422. S2CID 145689981.
- ↑ McKee, Seth C. (April 2009). "Redistricting and Representation: Why Competitive Elections are Bad for America. By Thomas L. Brunell. (Routledge, 2008.)". The Journal of Politics. 71 (2): 782–763. doi:10.1017/S0022381609090665.
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