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Thomas Lawrence Connelly (February 14, 1938 - January 18, 1991) was an American historian and author who specialized in the Civil War era. He is perhaps best known for his book, The Marble Man: Robert E. Lee and His Image in American Society, [1] one of the most scholarly and critical books on Robert E. Lee.
Connelly was born February 14, 1938, in Nashville, Tennessee, to Fred Marlin (1909-1983) and Mildred Inez Connelly (1911-1983). As a boy, he visited the Nashville Civil War battlefield. Growing up in the Nashville area gave him a love of country music and spurred his desire to write more about the war in Tennessee. Connelly became one of the most prominent scholars of the war in the western theater in a scholarly field dominated by books about Virginia and its military leaders. Part of his mission to highlight the war in the West was personal. He was frustrated by the fact that his own family's Civil War history was shrouded in rumor and legend. "Scores of personal experiences," he wrote later, "a handful of tales related by an old man, and a shoe box of bullet fragments—such is one family's heritage in the Army of Tennessee." [2]
Connelly attended Rice University, where he obtained his master's degree and Ph.D. He graduated in 1963. His dissertation, done under the supervision of Frank E. Vandiver, was "Metal, Fire and Forge: The Army of Tennessee, 1861-1862." The same year, he published his first book, Will Success Spoil Jeff Davis? The Last Book about The Civil War, a play on the 1957 film title, Will Success Spoil Rock Hunter?. Complete with illustrations by Campbell Grant, the book offered a humorous take on Civil War culture and Confederate heritage groups. According to Emory Thomas, publication of the book around the time of the JFK assassination was unfortunate: the book's ironic tone found a small audience in a country grieving over a fallen president. The book is now a collector's item.
In 1967, Connelly published Army of the Heartland: The Army of Tennessee, 1861-1862, through Louisiana State University Press. Connelly taught at Presbyterian College and Mississippi State University before landing at the University of South Carolina, Columbia in 1969. While teaching in Columbia, he published several books, including The Marble Man, Autumn of Glory, which was the second in his two-volume history of the Army of Tennessee, and a book on activist and preacher Will Campbell. Emory Thomas has called his books on the Army of Tennessee “definitive” [3] and his book on Campbell “one of the best books on the American South ever written.”
In 1986, Connelly was named the Caroline McKissick Dial Professor of History. In addition to his teaching duties, he wrote weekly columns for a Columbia newspaper. Despite being “painfully shy,” [4] Connelly formed lasting and deep friendships. He was close to fellow Lee scholar Emory Thomas, who remembered him as a “wild, wild man.” [5] He also was friends with country musicians Tom T. Hall and Bob McDill and wrote country songs himself.
Connelly died on January 18, 1991, in Columbia, South Carolina, of cancer. [6] His obituary appeared the next day, January 19. The 19th was, ironically, the anniversary of Robert E. Lee’s birth. Friend and historian Emory M. Thomas eulogized Connelly as “brilliant,” [7] a man who “loved the South,” and was someone who “came closer to the truth about Lee than anyone else ever has.” The director of Louisiana State University Press called him a “brilliantly iconoclastic scholar whose work has had, and, will continue to have, a major influence on the study of the history of the South.”
He is survived by his son Patrick and his daughters Heather and Alison. He was a complicated father, which is a generous assessment.
Braxton Bragg was an American army officer during the Second Seminole War and Mexican–American War and Confederate general in the Confederate Army during the American Civil War, serving in the Western Theater. His most important role was as commander of the Army of Mississippi, later renamed the Army of Tennessee, from June 1862 until December 1863.
Simon Bolivar Buckner was an American soldier, Confederate soldier, and politician. He fought in the United States Army in the Mexican–American War. He later fought in the Confederate States Army during the American Civil War. After the war, he served as the 30th governor of Kentucky.
The Battle of Stones River, also known as the Second Battle of Murfreesboro, was fought from December 31, 1862, to January 2, 1863, in Middle Tennessee, as the culmination of the Stones River Campaign in the Western Theater of the American Civil War. Of the major battles of the war, Stones River had the highest percentage of casualties on both sides. The battle ended in Union victory after the Confederate army's withdrawal on January 3, largely due to a series of tactical miscalculations by Confederate Gen. Braxton Bragg, but the victory was costly for the Union army. Nevertheless, it was an important victory for the Union because it provided a much-needed boost in morale after the Union's recent defeat at Fredericksburg and also reinforced President Abraham Lincoln's foundation for issuing the Emancipation Proclamation, which ultimately discouraged European powers from intervening on the Confederacy's behalf.
The Army of Tennessee was the principal Confederate army operating between the Appalachian Mountains and the Mississippi River during the American Civil War. It was formed in late 1862 and fought until the end of the war in 1865, participating in most of the significant battles in the Western Theater.
Lieutenant-General Leonidas Polk was a bishop of the Episcopal Diocese of Louisiana and founder of the Protestant Episcopal Church in the Confederate States of America, which separated from the Episcopal Church of the United States of America. He was a planter in Maury County, Tennessee, and a second cousin of President James K. Polk. He resigned his ecclesiastical position to become a major-general in the Confederate States Army, when he was called "Sewanee's Fighting Bishop". His official portrait at the University of the South depicts him as a bishop with his army uniform hanging nearby. He is often erroneously referred to as "Leonidas K. Polk," but he had no middle name and never signed any documents as such.
The Battle of Spring Hill was fought November 29, 1864, at Spring Hill, Tennessee, as part of the Franklin-Nashville Campaign of the American Civil War. The Confederate Army of Tennessee, commanded by Lt. Gen. John Bell Hood, attacked a Union force under Maj. Gen. John M. Schofield as it retreated from Columbia through Spring Hill. Because of a series of command failures, the Confederates were unable to inflict serious damage on the Federals and could not prevent their safe passage north to Franklin during the night. The next day, Hood pursued Schofield and attacked his fortifications in the Battle of Franklin, resulting in severe Confederate casualties.
The Chickamauga campaign of the American Civil War was a series of battles fought in northwestern Georgia from August 21 to September 20, 1863, between the Union Army of the Cumberland and Confederate Army of Tennessee. The campaign started successfully for Union commander William S. Rosecrans, with the Union army occupying the vital city of Chattanooga and forcing the Confederates to retreat into northern Georgia. But a Confederate attack at the Battle of Chickamauga forced Rosecrans to retreat back into Chattanooga and allowed the Confederates to lay siege to the Union forces.
John Austin Wharton was a lawyer, plantation owner, and Confederate general during the American Civil War. He was one of the Confederacy's best tactical cavalry commanders.
Felix Kirk Zollicoffer was an American newspaperman, slave owner, politician, and soldier. A three-term United States Congressman from Tennessee, an officer in the United States Army, and a Confederate brigadier general during the American Civil War; he led the first Confederate invasion of eastern Kentucky and was killed in action at the Battle of Mill Springs. Zollicoffer was the first Confederate general to die in the Western Theater.
St. John Richardson Liddell was a prominent Louisiana planter who served as a general in the Confederate States Army during the American Civil War. He was an outspoken proponent of Southern emancipation of slaves. Following the war, Liddell had a prominent feud with a former Confederate officer, Charles Jones, who eventually murdered Liddell near his home in 1870.
The bibliography of the American Civil War comprises books that deal in large part with the American Civil War. There are over 60,000 books on the war, with more appearing each month. Authors James Lincoln Collier and Christopher Collier stated in 2012, "No event in American history has been so thoroughly studied, not merely by historians, but by tens of thousands of other Americans who have made the war their hobby. Perhaps a hundred thousand books have been published about the Civil War."
Edward White Robertson was a United States representative from Louisiana. He was also the father of Samuel Matthews Robertson.
Brigadier-General George Earl Maney was an American soldier, politician, railroad executive and diplomat. He was a general in the Confederate States Army during the American Civil War and a reconstruction era U.S. ambassador to Colombia, Bolivia, Uruguay, and Paraguay.
Thomas Benton Smith was a brigadier general in the Confederate States Army during the American Civil War.
Samuel Read Anderson was an American businessman and military officer in the Mexican-American War. He was the Postmaster of Nashville, Tennessee, from 1853 until 1861 and then was a Confederate Brigadier General during the American Civil War. He commanded a mixed brigade of infantry and cavalry in the Eastern Theater in Virginia until the spring of 1862 when he was forced to resign because of ill health. Anderson later supervised the Confederate military draft in Tennessee until the end of the war.
Alexander William Campbell, was a Confederate States Army brigadier general during the American Civil War. He was a lawyer in Tennessee before and after the war, mayor of Jackson, Tennessee, 1856, and an unsuccessful candidate for the Democratic Party nomination for governor of Tennessee in 1880.
The following list is a bibliography of American Civil War Confederate military unit histories and are generally available through inter-library loan. More details on each book are available at WorldCat. For an overall national view, see Bibliography of the American Civil War. For histories of the Union, see Bibliography of American Civil War Union military unit histories. For a guide to web sources see: Carter, Alice E.; Jensen, Richard. The Civil War on the Web: A Guide to the Very Best Sites—Completely Revised and Updated (2003).
Adolphus Heiman was a Prussian-born American architect and soldier; later becoming a Confederate officer during the American Civil War.
The American Civil War bibliography comprises books that deal in large part with the American Civil War. There are over 60,000 books on the war, with more appearing each month. There is no complete bibliography to the war; the largest guide to books is over 40 years old and lists over 6,000 titles.
The 4th Louisiana Infantry Regiment was a unit of volunteers recruited in Louisiana that fought in the Confederate States Army during the American Civil War. Formed in May 1861, the regiment served in the Western Theater of the American Civil War. The unit fought at Shiloh and Baton Rouge in 1862 and at Jackson in 1863. A detachment served during the Siege of Port Hudson and was captured. In 1864, the regiment fought in the Atlanta campaign where it lost heavily at Jonesborough. At Nashville in December 1864 most of the men were captured. The survivors were consolidated with several other units and fought at Spanish Fort in April 1865. The remnant surrendered in May 1865.
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