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Nathaniel Bacon was an English merchant adventurer who emigrated to the Virginia Colony,where he sat on the Governor's Council but later led Bacon's Rebellion. The Rebellion was briefly successful;but after Bacon’s death from dysentery the rebel forces collapsed.
Bacon's Rebellion was an armed rebellion by Virginia settlers that took place from 1676 to 1677. It was led by Nathaniel Bacon against Colonial Governor William Berkeley,after Berkeley refused Bacon's request to drive Native American Indians out of Virginia. Thousands of Virginians from all classes and races rose up in arms against Berkeley,chasing him from Jamestown and ultimately torching the settlement. The rebellion was first suppressed by a few armed merchant ships from London whose captains sided with Berkeley and the loyalists. Government forces arrived soon after and spent several years defeating pockets of resistance and reforming the colonial government to be once more under direct Crown control. While the rebellion did not succeed in the initial goal of driving the Native Americans from Virginia,it did result in Berkeley being recalled to England,where he died shortly thereafter.
The Province of Maryland was an English and later British colony in North America from 1634 until 1776,when the province was one of the Thirteen Colonies that joined in supporting the American Revolution against Great Britain. In 1781,Maryland was the 13th signatory to the Articles of Confederation. The province's first settlement and capital was in St. Mary's City,located at the southern end of St. Mary's County,a peninsula in the Chesapeake Bay bordered by four tidal rivers.
William Drummond was a Scottish indentured servant in Virginia who became the first colonial governor of Albemarle Sound settlement in the Province of Carolina,but alienated Virginia governor William Berkeley,became a ringleader of Bacon's Rebellion and was executed after his capture.
John Washington was an English-born merchant,planter,politician and military officer. Born in Tring,Hertfordshire,he subsequently emigrated to the English colony of Virginia and became a member of the planter class. In addition to serving in the Virginia militia and owning several slave plantations,Washington also served for many years in the House of Burgesses,representing Westmoreland County. He was the first member of the Washington family to live in North America and was a paternal great-grandfather of George Washington,the first president of the United States.
Col. Isaac Allerton Jr. was planter,military officer,politician and merchant in colonial America. Like his father,he first traded in New England,and after his father's death,in Virginia. There,he served on the Governor's Council (1687-1691) and for many years in the House of Burgesses,representing Northumberland County and later Westmoreland County.
Richard Lee I was an English-born merchant,planter and politician who was the first member of the Lee family to live in America. Poor when he arrived in the colony of Virginia in 1639,Lee may have been both the colony's wealthiest inhabitant and as its largest landholder by the time of his death,owning 15,000 acres (23 sq mi) in Virginia and Maryland. In addition to holding several important government and military posts,he became a merchant,planter and politician and served a term in the House of Burgesses. He managed to negotiate several major political upheavals for his economic gain.
The Doeg were a Native American people who lived in Virginia. They spoke an Algonquian language and may have been a branch of the Nanticoke tribe,historically based on the Eastern Shore of Maryland. The Nanticoke considered the Algonquian Lenape as "grandfathers". The Doeg are known for a raid in July 1675 that contributed to colonists' uprising in Bacon's Rebellion.
Colonel Nicholas Spencer,Jr. (1633–1689) was a merchant,planter and politician in colonial Virginia. Born in Cople,Bedfordshire,Spencer migrated to the Westmoreland County,Virginia,where he became a planter and which he twice briefly represented in the Virginia House of Burgesses. Spencer later served as the colony's Secretary and on the Governor's Council,rising to become it President and on the departure of his cousin Thomas Colepeper,2nd Baron Colepeper in 1683,was named Acting Governor (1683–84),in which capacity Spencer served until the arrival of Governor Lord Howard of Effingham. Spencer's role as agent for the Culpepers helped him and his cousin Lt. Col. John Washington,ancestor of George Washington,secure the patent for their joint land grant of the Mount Vernon estate.
William Whitby emigrated from England to the Virginia colony where he became politician and major landowner. He represented Warwick County as a burgess several times,and became Speaker of the Virginia House of Burgesses in the 1653 session.
George Mason I was the American progenitor of the prominent American landholding and political Mason family. Mason was the great-grandfather of George Mason IV,a Founding Father of the United States.
Col. William Travers was a lawyer,early settler and politician of Colonial Virginia.
James Crewes was a British merchant who traded with the Virginia colony before emigrating there. He became a planter in Henrico County and represented it for one session of the House of Burgesses,but was executed for his participation in Bacon's Rebellion.
John Ingram was a settler in colonial Virginia who lived the settlement of Jamestown and became a member of Nathaniel Bacon's Rebellion. He took the lead of the rebellion after Sir Nathaniel Bacon died from dysentery. The members of the rebellion consisted of 300-500 mostly indentured servants,but included a number of Black slaves. They had been upset at the treaty of 1646,which ended the Third Anglo-Powhatan War. The rebellion occurred throughout 1676,and resulted in Bacon's forces burning much of Jamestown to the ground.
John Carter was an English merchant who emigrated to the Virginia colony,where he speculated in land,established plantations using indentured and enslaved labor,and served in both houses of the Virginia General Assembly. He founded the more famous branch of the Carter family of Virginia. The immigrant ancestor of the other branch,Thomas Carter of Barford plantation may have been related since both came from the same English village,and while Thomas Carter initially settled in Northumberland County,both men eventually settled in Lancaster County.
Thomas Stegg Jr.,like his father of the same name,was a British merchant and politician in the Colony of Virginia.
St.Leger Codd was a militia officer,lawyer,planter and politician in the Colony of Virginia and the Colony of Maryland who sat in the Virginia House of Burgesses and the lower house of the Maryland General Assembly.
Richard Lawrence was an Oxford University graduate who emigrated to the Virginia colony where after various real estate speculations,he married a wealthy widow and became a tavernkeeper in Jamestown. Lawrence became one of Nathaniel Bacon's closest confidantes during Bacon's Rebellion and briefly served in the House of Burgesses during that conflict,after which he vanished with two other men otherwise likely to have been sentenced to death for treason.
Thomas Trueman was a British attorney who also became a merchant,planter,politician and controversial military officer in the Maryland Colony. He was impeached on one of three counts by the Upper House of the Maryland Assembly for killing several Susquehannock emissarys under a flag of truce months before Bacon's Rebellion in Virginia. Trueman had served in both houses of the Maryland Assembly before that conflict,and although dismissed from the Governor's Council after that impeachment in 1676,he served another term in 1683-84.
Gerrard Foulke or Fowke was an English merchant who became a planter,military officer and politician in the Colony of Virginia,then the Maryland Colony. He succeeded his brother and business partner Thomas Fowke and represented Westmoreland County in the House of Burgesses,before marrying a widow,moving to Port Tobacco and representing Charles County in the Maryland Assembly.
References
- 1 2 3 4 5 McCartney, Martha W. (2012). Jamestown People to 1800. Baltimore, Maryland: Genealogical Publishing Co., Inc. p. 279-280. ISBN 978-0-8063-1872-1.
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 Tyler, Lyon Gardiner (1915). Encyclopedia of Virginia Biography vol.1. Lewis Historical Publishing Company. p. 286.
- ↑ Ruth and Sam Sparacio, Northumberrland County Virginia Deed & Will Abstracts 1650-1655 (The Antient Press, 1992) p. 121
- ↑ Ruth and Sam Sparacio, Northumberrland County Virginia Deed & Will Abstracts 1655-1658 (The Antient Press, 1992) pp. 100, 109, 116, 118
- ↑ McCartney pp. 280-281
- ↑ W. Preston Haynie, Records of Indentured Servants and of Certificates for Land Northumberland County, Virginia 1650-1795 (Heritage Books, Inc. ISBN 978-0-7884-0425-2) p. 66
- ↑ Ruth and Sam Sparacio, Northumberrland County Virginia Deed & Will Abstracts 1655-1658 (The Antient Press, 1992) p. 82
- ↑ Haynie pp. 74-75, 83
- ↑ Haynie p. 132
- ↑ https://www.hmdb.org/m.asp?m=22531
- ↑ John T. Goolrick, The Story of Stafford: A Narrative History of Stafford County, Virginia (Stafford County Board of Supervisors and Stafford County Bicentennial Commission 1976) p. 30
- ↑ Haynie p. 95, 105-106, 116, 125, 700, 134
- ↑ Haynie p. 136
- ↑ Haynie pp. 96-96
- ↑ Haynie p. 141, 143
- ↑ Michael L. Oberg (ed.), Samuel Wiseman's Book of Record: The Official Account of Bacon's Rebellion in Virginia (Lexington Books2005) p. 12 ISBN 978-0-7391-0711-9
- ↑ https://virginiahistory.org/learn/bacons-rebellion-virginia-years-1675-1676
- ↑ https://www.loc.gov/collections/thomas-jefferson-papers/articles-and-essays/virginia-records-1606-to-1737/beginning-progress-and-conclusion-of-bacons-rebellion/
- ↑ Walter Biscoe Norris Jr.(ed) Westmoreland County, Virginia (Westmoreland County Board of Supervisors, 1983) pp. 21-22
- ↑ https://www.jyfmuseums.org/learn/research-and-collections/essays/a-history-of-bacons-rebellion-in-six-sources
- ↑ Pamela C. Copeland and Richard K. MacMaster, The Five George Masons (Board of Regents of Gunston Hall 1975) pp. 15-16
- ↑ Cynthia Miller Leonard, The Virginia General Assembly 1619-1978 (Richmond: Virginia State Library 1978) p. 71
- ↑ Library of Virginia digital resource 006-00668
- ↑ Nell Marion Nugent, Cavaliers and Pioneers: abstracts of Virginia Land Patents and Grants, Volume Two: 1666-1695 (Virginia State Library Richmond 1977), pp. 192-193
- ↑ Haynie pp. 236-237
- ↑ Will available on ancestry.com library edition
- ↑ https://www.loc.gov/collections/thomas-jefferson-papers/articles-and-essays/virginia-records-1606-to-1737/beginning-progress-and-conclusion-of-bacons-rebellion/
- ↑ https://www.loc.gov/resource/mtj8.060_0002_0081/?st=gallery
- ↑ Wilcomb E. Washburn, The Governor and the Rebel: A History of Bacon's Rebellion in Virginia (Chapel Hill: The University of North Carolina Press 1957) pp. 3-4
- ↑ Church of England, City of London, St. Dunstan's in the East records 1676-1776 o.76 of 137 on ancestry.com