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Elizabeth Woodville, later known as Dame Elizabeth Grey, was Queen of England from 1 May 1464 until 3 October 1470 and from 11 April 1471 until 9 April 1483 as the wife of King Edward IV. She was a key figure in the Wars of the Roses, a dynastic civil war between the Lancastrian and the Yorkist factions between 1455 and 1487.
Elizabeth of York was Queen of England from her marriage to King Henry VII on 18 January 1486 until her death in 1503. She was the daughter of King Edward IV and his wife, Elizabeth Woodville, and her marriage to Henry VII followed his victory at the Battle of Bosworth Field, which marked the end of the civil war known as the Wars of the Roses.
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The siege of Boulogne took place during the autumn of 1492. Henry VII of England had led an expeditionary force of 12,000 troops across the Channel to Calais and began to besiege the French port of Boulogne on 18 October. After several weeks the siege was broken off when Henry and the French monarch Charles VIII agreed to the Peace of Étaples. The siege had proved to be a successful show of force and Henry was offered very favourable terms by Charles, including the end of French support to the pretender to the English throne Perkin Warbeck, Warbeck was also expelled from the country. The terms of the treaty also included the English accepting French control of Brittany, and the French paying Henry an indemnity of 742,000 crowns, payable at 50,000 crowns per annum, equivalent to 5% of the crown's annual income. Henry had been in negotiations even before the campaign, and the move against Boulogne may have been intended to put further pressure on Charles.
The Battle of Deal took place on 3 July 1495 in the port town of Deal in Kent when forces of the pretender Perkin Warbeck attempted a landing and were driven off by supporters of the Tudor monarch Henry VII. Warbeck's 1,500 men included many Continental mercenaries hired on his behalf by Margaret of York, while the Tudor fighters were mainly Kentish locals. Fierce fighting took place on the steeply sloping beach. After withdrawing by sea, Warbeck then went to Ireland where he launched an equally unsuccessful Siege of Waterford where two of his ship were sunk and the nine other ships were repelled.
The Authors Cricket Club is a wandering amateur English cricket club founded in 1899 and revived most recently in 2012. Prominent British writers including Arthur Conan Doyle, P. G. Wodehouse, A. A. Milne, E. W. Hornung and J. M. Barrie have been featured as players on the club team, the Authors XI.
References
- ↑ "Thomas Penn". Simon and Schuster. Retrieved 16 April 2019.
- ↑ Authors Cricket Club (2013). The Authors XI: A Season of English Cricket from Hackney to Hambledon. London: Bloomsbury. ISBN 978-1-4088-4045-0.
- ↑ Castor, Helen (22 September 2011). "Winter King by Thomas Penn: Review". The Telegraph. Retrieved 22 April 2019.
- ↑ Worden, Blair (25 November 2011). "Winter King: the Dawn of Tudor England by Thomas Penn--Review". The Guardian. Retrieved 16 April 2019.
- ↑ Williams, Charlotte (14 November 2012). "Tomalin, Penn win Biographers' Club Prizes". Bookseller.com. Retrieved 22 April 2019.
- ↑ Hollingshead, Iain (30 May 2013). "Henry VII: Winter King, BBC Two, review". Telegraph. Retrieved 7 May 2019.
- ↑ "The Brothers York: An English Tragedy". Goodreads. Retrieved 18 April 2019.
- ↑ "Edward V (Penguin Monarchs): The May King". Goodreads. Retrieved 18 April 2019.
- ↑ Penn, Thomas (30 December 2014). "England Arise by Juliet Barker review – 14th century discontent". The Guardian. Retrieved 18 April 2019.
- ↑ Penn, Thomas (30 October 2013). "The King's Grave: The Search for Richard III by Philippa Langley and Michael Jones - review". The Guardian. Retrieved 18 April 2019.
- ↑ Penn, Thomas (19 October 2012). "Hilary Mantel's Thomas Cromwell is the man for this season". The Guardian. Retrieved 18 April 2019.
- ↑ Penn, Thomas (27 July 2017). "False Brought Up of Nought". London Review of Books. Retrieved 19 April 2019.
- ↑ Penn, Thomas (17 July 2014). "Jousting for Peace". London Review of Books. Retrieved 19 April 2019.
- ↑ Penn, Thomas (5 April 2012). "The First Consort". London Review of Books. Retrieved 19 April 2019.
